PEDIATRICS Vol. 94 No. 6 December 1994, pp. 815-819
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow P3Rs: Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when P3Rs are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation

Natural History of Vertically Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection

The European Collaborative Study

Objective. To describe the natural history of vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Design. This was a prospective follow-up study.

Setting. Ten centers of the European Collaborative Study participated.

Subjects. One hundred twenty-four HIV-infected children were born to women known to be infected at or before the time of delivery since 1986.

Main outcome measures. Deaths, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and HIV-related symptoms and signs were assessed.

Results. In this cohort, treatment before the onset of AIDS was not universal. Less than 10% of children were treated with Zidovudine or intravenous gamma globulin before 6 months of age, with a steady increase to about 40% after 3 years of life. An estimated 23% (95% confidence interval: 15% to 31%) of infected children develop AIDS before the age of 1 year, and nearly 40% (27% to 50%) by 4 years. Ten percent (5% to 16%) die before age 1 year and 28% (16% to 41%) before age 5 years. Twenty-four months after the AIDS diagnosis, an estimated 48% (36% to 70%) of the children are still alive. Although after the age of 1 year immunologic abnormalities became increasingly common, the proportion of infected children with significant HIV-related symptoms or signs declined.

Conclusion. The progression of disease in this cohort of vertically infected children was not as fast as previously suggested, even though treatment was not widespread. Although infected children have a high risk of developing some manifestation of HIV infection early in life, serious HIV-related symptoms became less frequent with increasing age. This has important implications for health planning and care provision.

Submitted on January 27, 1994
Accepted on March 29, 1994




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
K. Little, M.-L. Newell, C. Luo, N. Ngongo, M. C. Borja, and P. McDermott
Estimating the number of vertically HIV-infected children eligible for antiretroviral treatment in resource-limited settings
Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2007; 36(3): 679 - 687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
M. M. Mussi-Pinhata, L. Freimanis, A. Y. Yamamoto, J. Korelitz, J. A. Pinto, M. L. S. Cruz, M. H. Losso, J. S. Read, and for the National Institute of Child Health and Hum
Infectious Disease Morbidity Among Young HIV-1-Exposed But Uninfected Infants in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal Study
Pediatrics, March 1, 2007; 119(3): e694 - e704.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
R. Chakraborty, A.-S. Morel, J. K. Sutton, V. Appay, R. M. Ripley, T. Dong, T. Rostron, S. Ogola, T. Palakudy, R. Musoke, et al.
Correlates of Delayed Disease Progression in HIV-1-Infected Kenyan Children
J. Immunol., June 15, 2005; 174(12): 8191 - 8199.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
J Loveland, D M G Bowley, I R Beavon, and G J Pitcher
Bowel obstruction in an infant with AIDS
Arch. Dis. Child., September 1, 2003; 88(9): 825 - 826.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br Med BullHome page
P. J. Goulder, P. Jeena, G. Tudor-Williams, and S. Burchett
Paediatric HIV infection: correlates of protective immunity and global perspectives in prevention and management
Br. Med. Bull., September 1, 2001; 58(1): 89 - 108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
The European Collaborative Study
Fluctuations in Symptoms in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children: The First 10 Years of Life
Pediatrics, July 1, 2001; 108(1): 116 - 122.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
Five year follow up of vertically HIV infected children in a randomised double blind controlled trial of immediate versus deferred zidovudine: the PENTA 1 trial
Arch. Dis. Child., March 1, 2001; 84(3): 230 - 236.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
C. Langston, E. R. Cooper, J. Goldfarb, K. A. Easley, S. Husak, S. Sunkle, T. J. Starc, A. A. Colin, and for the P2C2 HIV Study Group
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Mortality in Infants and Children: Data From the Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV (P2C2) Study
Pediatrics, February 1, 2001; 107(2): 328 - 338.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
K. C. Rich, M. G. Fowler, L. M. Mofenson, R. Abboud, J. Pitt, C. Diaz, I. C. Hanson, E. Cooper, H. Mendez, and for the Women and Infants Transmission Study Group
Maternal and Infant Factors Predicting Disease Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Infants
Pediatrics, January 1, 2000; 105(1): e8 - e8.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
R. Spira, P. Lepage, P. Msellati, P. Van de Perre, V. Leroy, A. Simonon, E. Karita, F. Dabis, and for the Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Study G
Natural History of Human Immunodefiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Children: A Five-Year Prospective Study in Rwanda
Pediatrics, November 1, 1999; 104(5): 56e - 56.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
J. S. A. STRINGER and D. J. ROUSE
Rapid Testing and Zidovudine Treatment to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Unregistered Parturients: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Obstet. Gynecol., July 1, 1999; 94(1): 34 - 40.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
S. G. Kitchen, Y. D. Korin, M. D. Roth, A. Landay, and J. A. Zack
Costimulation of Naive CD8+ Lymphocytes Induces CD4 Expression and Allows Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
J. Virol., November 1, 1998; 72(11): 9054 - 9060.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 SIMULATIONHome page
J. G. Anderson and M. M. Anderson
HIV Screening and Treatment of Pregnant Women and Their Newborns: A Simulation-Based Analysis
SIMULATION, October 1, 1998; 71(4): 276 - 284.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
K. Luzuriaga and J. L. Sullivan
Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric HIV Infection
JAMA, July 1, 1998; 280(1): 17 - 18.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
Committee on Pediatric AIDS
Surveillance of Pediatric HIV Infection
Pediatrics, February 1, 1998; 101(2): 315 - 319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
J. Mok and S. Cooper
The needs of children whose mothers have HIV infection
Arch. Dis. Child., December 1, 1997; 77(6): 483 - 487.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
R. Berhane, D. Bagenda, L. Marum, E. Aceng, C. Ndugwa, R. J Bosch, and K. Olness
Growth Failure as a Prognostic Indicator of Mortality in Pediatric HIV Infection
Pediatrics, July 1, 1997; 100(1): e7 - e7.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
K. Luzuriaga, Y. Bryson, P. Krogstad, J. Robinson, B. Stechenberg, M. Lamson, S. Cort, and J. L. Sullivan
Combination Treatment with Zidovudine, Didanosine, and Nevirapine in Infants with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
N. Engl. J. Med., May 8, 1997; 336(19): 1343 - 1349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
K. Nielsen, G. McSherry, A. Petru, T. Frederick, D. Wara, Y. Bryson, N. Martin, C. Hutto, A. J. Ammann, S. Grubman, et al.
A Descriptive Survey of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Long-term Survivors
Pediatrics, April 1, 1997; 99(4): e4 - e4.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
M. SHARLAND, D. GIBB, G. TUDOR-WILLIAMS, S. WALTERS, and V. NOVELLI
Paediatric HIV infection
Arch. Dis. Child., April 1, 1997; 76(4): 293 - 296.
[Full Text]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
J A Evans, D M Gibb, F J Holland, P A Tookey, J Pritchard, and A E Ades
Malignancies in UK children with HIV infection acquired from mother to child transmission
Arch. Dis. Child., April 1, 1997; 76(4): 330 - 333.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
A. P. Kourtis, C. Ibegbu, A. J. Nahmias, F. K. Lee, W. S. Clark, M. K. Sawyer, and S. Nesheim
Early Progression of Disease in HIV-Infected Infants with Thymus Dysfunction
N. Engl. J. Med., November 7, 1996; 335(19): 1431 - 1436.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
C. Peckham and D. Gibb
Mother-to-Child Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
N. Engl. J. Med., August 3, 1995; 333(5): 298 - 303.
[Full Text] [PDF]