PEDIATRICS Vol. 94 No. 5 November 1994, pp. 741-742
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Intrathoracic Disease Associated With Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex in Otherwise Healthy Children: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations

Sandeep K. Gupta MD1 and Ben Z. Katz MD1

1 Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Memorial Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60614

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a well described human pathogen.1 Less commonly, atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause disease in humans. Recent studies report that NTM account for one-third of all pathogenic mycobacterial isolates in the United States.2

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) is the most common NTM causing human disease.2 It is also the most common mycobacterial cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children in areas with low endemic rates of MTB infection.3 MAI/NTM infection other than cervical adenitis is unusual in children, except in those that are immunosuppressed.4 Rarely, MAI presents as mediastinal or endobronchial disease in otherwise healthy children.

Submitted on October 6, 1993
Accepted on November 16, 1993




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