PEDIATRICS Vol. 92 No. 6 December 1993, pp. 843-848
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Neurodevelopmental Testing of Children Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seropositive and Seronegative Mothers: A Prospective Cohort Study in Kigali, Rwanda

Philippe Msellati MD, PhD1, Philippe Lepage MD, PhD2, Deo-Gratias Hitimana MD2, Christiaan Van Goethem MD2, Philippe Van de Perre MD, PhD3, and François Dabis MD, PhD1

1 From INSERM U 330, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
2 From Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
3 From Reference Laboratory, National AIDS Control Programme, Kigali, Rwanda

Objective. The results of developmental testing of 218 children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive mothers and infected or uninfected themselves were compared with those of 218 children born to HIV-seronegative mothers in an ongoing cohort study in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods. When the children were 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age, a specific neurodevelopmental examination was performed blindly by study physicians assessing gross motor development, fine motor development, language acquisition, and social contacts.

Results. Only one acute severe HIV-related encephalopathy was identified among the 50 infected children. The proportion of abnormal neurologic examinations in HIV-infected children varied from 15% to 40% according to age and was always higher than in HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-seropositive and seronegative mothers (le5% or less of abnormal examinations at each time period). fter excluding those children with clinical ac-quired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from the analysis, the proportion of abnormal examinations in infected children was 12.5% at 6 months, 16% at 12 months, 20% at 18 months, and 9% at 24 months of age and was still more frequent than in HIV-uninfected children. The developmental delay was principally due to significantly lower gross motor scores.

Conclusions. HIV-1-infected children are more frequently developmentally delayed than uninfected children during the first 2 years of life in this African population. This developmental delay is related to the AIDS stage of pediatric HIV infection.

Key Words: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 • neurodevelopment • Africa

Submitted on January 27, 1993
Accepted on June 8, 1993




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