Increases in Crash Involvement and Fatalities Among Motor Vehicle Occupants Younger Than 5 Years Old
1 From the Epidemiology Branch, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Us Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA
2 From the National Center for Statistics and Analysis, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Objective. To determine whether increased exposure as car occupants could be a major contributor to increases observed in deaths of young children in car crashes.
Design and setting. Crash data from police reports for Maryland, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Washington for various years from 1982 through 1990 were examined to compare annual age mix of injured and uninjured occupants in crashes involving at least two passenger vehicls. Aggregate national data from the Fatal Accident Reporting System were also examined over the same time period and compared to population estimates for children younger than 5 years old to assess temporal trends in number of occupants in this age group who were involved in motor vehicle crashes in which a fatality occurred in fatal crashes and the number of them killed in passenger vehicles.
Results. In regression analyses for each state, the number of car occupants younger than 5 involved in crashes increased during the years studied; their percentage among nondriver occupants involved also increased. At a national level, similar analyses showed increases in the number of occupants younger than 5 involved in crashes in which a fatality occurred.
Conclusions. Despite overall increases in the use of restraint devices (ie, both child safety seats and adult restraints), fatalities among restrained children have increased. Given that exposures to crash environments are increasing, clinicians need be aware of the importance of child restraints as a means of reducing the likelihood of injury.
Key Words: motor vehicle • crash • exposure • fatality
Submitted on September 22, 1992
Accepted on December 3, 1992
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