PEDIATRICS Vol. 89 No. 5 May 1992, pp. 925-929
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Variability in Response to a Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet in Children with Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Eric S. Quivers MD1, David J. Driscoll MD2, Colleen D. Garvey 3, Ann M. Harris 3, Jay Harrison MS4, Diane M. Huse MS5, Paul Murtaugh PhD4, and William H. Weidman MD2

1 From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Dr Quivers is a fellow of the Mayo Clinic
2 From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
3 Cardiovascular Health Clinic for the Young, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
4 Section of Medical Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
5 Department of Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

The reduction of dietary cholesterol and fat lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduces risk of coronary heart disease in adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the individual variability of response of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels to a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet in children with elevated LDL-C levels. Thirty-two children (2 to 16 years of age) enrolled in a diet modification program, who had LDL-C levels of at least 110 mg/dL but normal triglyceride levels for their ages, were studied. Lipid levels and dietary nutrients were analyzed at the time of admission, and final assessments were made at least 3 months after entry. There was a significant correlation, for the group as a whole, between change in LDL-C concentration and change in grams of dietary saturated fat; however, there was marked individual variability in LDL-C response. There were no significant correlations between changes in LDL-C levels and changes in either total fat, polyunsaturated fat, or cholesterol intake. It is concluded that modest decreases in dietary saturated fat coincide with a lowering of LDL-C concentration, over a short term, in many children, but the degree of lowering varies considerably from one child to another. This variability is consistent with the concept that response of serum lipid levels to dietary changes is modified by genetic, metabolic, and other, as of yet, undefined variables.

Key Words: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol • dietary saturated fat • variable response

Submitted on June 22, 1990
Accepted on August 26, 1991




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