PEDIATRICS Vol. 89 No. 4 April 1992, pp. 663-666
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Exclusive Breast-Feeding and Weaning: Effect on Serum Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Concentrations in Infants During the First Year of Life

Markku J. T. Kallio, MD, Leena Salmenperä, MD, Martti A. Siimes, MD and Jaakko Perheentupa, MD

From the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland

Tatu A. Miettinen, MD

From the Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland

The total serum cholesterol concentration of infants was investigated at birth (n = 193) and at the ages of 2 (n = 192), 4 (n = 192), 6 (n = 190), 9 (n = 188), and 12 months (n = 196). Concentrations of cholesterol—very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein-2 (HDL2), HDL3— and apoprotein B were analyzed in 36 infants at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Serum cholesterol concentration rose significantly more slowly in the weaned infants compared with exclusively breast-fed infants. The mean difference in total serum cholesterol value between the exclusively breast-fed and weaned infants was largest at ages 2 (0.9 mmol/L, P < .001), 4 (0.6 mmol/L, P < .01), and 6 months (0.5 mmol/L, P < .01). The LDL cholesterol concentration was lower in weaned infants compared with exclusively breast-fed infants at age 2 and 6 months; the mean difference in LDL cholesterol value was 0.9 mmol/L at age 2 months (P < .001) and 0.7 mmol/L at age 6 months (P < .025). Also, the apoprotein B concentration was lower in weaned infants; the mean difference was 24 mg/dL at age 2 months (P < .01) and 30 mg/dL at age 6 months (P < .05). The apoprotein B-LDL cholesterol ratio was stable and similar in both feeding groups through the year. The HDL2 cholesterol concentration was lower in the formula-fed than in breast-fed infants at 2 months of age while the VLDL and HDL3 cholesterol concentrations were independent of the diet. The HDL-LDL cholesterol ratio was higher in formula-fed compared with breast fed infants at 2 and 6 months of age. Thus, low intake of cholesterol and high intake of unsaturated fatty acids modify blood lipid pattern markedly in infancy. Breast-feeding is the natural method of feeding an infant and the cholesterol level with breast-feeding must be considered physiological, so it is to be asked whether artificially made formulas in this respect are sufficient at the moment.

Key Words: infant • nutrition • cholesterol • lipoproteins • human milk • breast-feeding

Received for publication Jun 11, 1991; Accepted Oct 10, 1991.


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