PEDIATRICS Vol. 86 No. 2 August 1990, pp. 277-281
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Direct Hyperbilirubinemia Associated With Chioral Hydrate Administration in the Newborn

George H. Lambert MD1, Jonathan Muraskas MD1, Craig L. Anderson MD1, and Thomas F. Myers MD1

1 From the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois

To test the hypothesis that chioral hydrate can cause direct hyperbilirubinemia (DHB) in the newborn, two retrospective analyses of the medical records of patients admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit during an 18-month period were conducted. In one analysis of 14 newborns who had nonhemolytic DHB, 10 did not have an identified cause of DHB, and all 10 had received chloral hydrate. In the second retrospective study, all newborns who received chloral hydrate were divided into groups according to whether or not DHB had developed. The newborns with DHB, compared with those without DHB, had received a higher total accumulative dose of chloral hydrate (1035 ± 286 vs 183 ± 33 mg/kg [±1 SEM], respectively). In the patients with DHB, the direct serum bilirubin levels increased 6.8 ± 0.8 days after the chioral hydrate administration began and resolved after the chloral hydrate was discontinued or markediy decreased. These data support the hypothesis that prolonged use of chloral hydrate in newborns can be associated with DHB.

Key Words: chloral hydrate • direct bilirubin level • liver • newborn

Submitted on December 20, 1988
Accepted on July 7, 1989




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