American and British styles of [biomedical] science were markedly different [in the 1970s]. British research grants were smaller, though longer term, and ideas there tended to be nurtured over the years like fine wine . . . There was nothing cozy about the Americans; even the best of scientific friends in the States might become fiercely competitive antagonists. It was part of the way of life; while plentiful, grants were short-termusually two years. Researchers were therefore compelled to produce results or see their money whisked away. Publish or perish. No tolerance of failure, no safety net. Big science, big money.