1 Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Health Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
In Reply.
I thank Dr Nolan for her complimentary remarks regarding my articles and for highlighting the importance of protecting vulnerable human subjects. The issues of confidentiality, anonymity, parental consent, written consent v oral assent, management of subjects in distress, and other legal/ethical considerations were thorny issues for this investigation. Not only were many of the subjects minors but they were homosexual minors answering extremely sensitive questions about sexuality, suicide, and illegal activities. Waiver of consent, as discussed by Dr Nolan, did not seem to be a realistic possibility.