PEDIATRICS Vol. 78 No. 4 October 1986, pp. 673-677
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroprevalence in Pediatric Patients 2 to 14 Years of Age at Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire

Jonathan M. Mann MD, MPH1, Henry Francis MD1, Farzin Davachi MD, FAAC, FAAP, FACA1, Paola Baudoux MD1, Thomas C. Quinn MD1, Nzila Nzilambi MD1, Ngaly Bosenge MD1, Robert L. Colebunders MD1, Ndoko Kabote MD1, Peter Piot MD, PhD1, Pangu Kaza Asila MD, MPH1, and James W. Curran MD, MPH1

1 From Projet SIDA, Department of Public Health, Kinshasa, Zaire; AIDS Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire; and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Seroprevalence to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was determined among 368 children 2 to 14 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric service at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Forty (11%) of these patients and only one (1%) of 92 healthy siblings of these patients were HIV seropositive (x2 = 8.68, P < .01). Seropositivity was associated with previous hospitalization, receipt of a blood transfusion prior to the current hospitalization (odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 6.4), receipt of medical injections during the past year, and smaller household size. Clinically, HIV seropositivity was associated with the diagnoses of malnutrition and pneumonia. A higher proportion of seropositive children died during the current hospitalization (4/40 v 10/328); when patients with malaria were excluded, the in-hospital mortality of seropositive children was more than eight times higher than that of seronegative children (Fisher exact test, P = .006). Clarification of clinical, immunologic, and epidemiologic features of childhood HIV infection is urgently required because HIV appears to account for or complicate a substantial proportion of pediatric hospitalizations in Kinshasa.

Key Words: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) • human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) • human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LA V)

Submitted on April 15, 1986
Accepted on May 28, 1986


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