1 From the Center for Infectious Diseases and Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta; University of Tennessee Memorial Research Center and Hospital, Knoxville; Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati; Sacred Heart/Deaconess Medical Centers, Spokane, Washington; and University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City
Three clusters of an unusual syndrome in premature infants were investigated in three intensive care nurseries in 1984. A retrospective cohort study of 68 infants weighing
1,250 g at birth and surviving at least 72 hours revealed that in 13 infants ascites developed and in four at least two of the following abnormal laboratory values were found within a seven-day period: serum direct bilirubin
2 mg/dL, blood urea nitrogen
40 mg/dL or serum creatinine
2 mg/dL, and platelet count
60,000/µL. All cases occurred after the introduction and use of intravenous E-Ferol, a vitamin E preparation that was new on the market when the clusters were reported. All 17 case infants but only 23 of 51 (45%) noncase infants received E-Ferol (P < .0001). Case and noncase infants were similar with respect to other complications and to receipt of medications and parenteral nutrition. A dose-response relationship was found; cases occurred in infants receiving E-Ferol dosages of > 20 U/kg/d. Case infants who had higher daily doses of E-Ferol had a shorter latency. No new cases were reported after use of E-Ferol was stopped. Results of these investigations led to a nationwide recall of intravenous E-Ferol.
Key Words: ascites hepatotoxicity vitamin E polysorbate E-Ferol
Submitted on October 3, 1985
Accepted on February 3, 1986