PEDIATRICS Vol. 77 No. 6 June 1986, pp. 883-890
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Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Minerals From Birth to 18 Months of Age: A Cross-Sectional Study. I. Effects of Sex, Race, Age, Season, and Diet on Vitamin D Status

P. Lichtenstein MD1, B. L. Specker PhD1, R. C. Tsang MBBS1, F. Mimouni MD1, and C. Gormley MD1

1 From Divisions of Neonatology, Gastroenterology, and Ambulatory Services, Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Cincinnati Medical Center and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati

The influence of sex, race, age, season, and diet (cow's milk formula v human milk) on the vitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein status in infants less than 18 months of age was investigated in this crosssectional, prospective study of 198 infants. No differences by sex were observed in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or vitamin D-binding protein concentrations. By race, black infants had significantly elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels relative to white infants. By age, vitamin D-binding protein concentrations increased with increasing age. By season, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were low in winter, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein were high in winter compared with summer. By diet, formula-fed infants had higher serum concentrations of all measured vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D-binding protein than human milk-fed infants. Thus, race, age, season, and diet exert, individually or in combination, different and significant effects on vitamin D metabolites; these should be considered in assessing infant vitamin D status.

Key Words: calcium • hormone regulation • mineral • vitamin D

Accepted on October 21, 1985




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