PEDIATRICS Vol. 77 No. 4 April 1986, pp. 443-450
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Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage and Phenobarbital

Karl C. K. Kuban MD1, Alan Leviton MD1, Kalpathy S. Krishnamoorthy MD1, Elizabeth R. Brown MD1, Rita Littlewood Teele MD1, Jenny A. Baglivo PhD1, Kathleen F. Sullivan RN1, Kenneth R. Huff MD1, Susan White MD1, Robert H. Cleveland MD1, Elizabeth N. Allred MS1, Karen L. Spritzer BA1, Helen N. Skouteli MD1, Paul Cayea MD1, and Michael F. Epstein MD1

1 From the Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston

We enrolled 280 intubated babies with birth weights of less than 1,751 g in a double-blind randomized prospective clinical trial to evaluate whether phenobarbital influences the likelihood of developing subependymal-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Phenobarbital was associated with an increased risk of developing any subependymal-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage and was not associated with a diminished risk of either severe hemorrhage or germinal matrix hemorrhage. This increased risk was apparent even after we considered the influence of phenobarbital levels, timing of phenobarbital administrations, institutional differences, quality of ultrasound scans, gestational age- and birth weight-specific effects, ascertainment bias, and other possible confounders of phenobarbital administration.

Key Words: phenobarbital • intracranial hemorrhage • premature infant

Submitted on October 14, 1985
Accepted on December 18, 1985


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