PEDIATRICS Vol. 77 No. 3 March 1986, pp. 330-335
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Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Surface Antigen Phenotyping by Monoclonal Antibodies and Cytogenetic Studies

Kevin Shannon MD1, Gabriel Nunez MD1, Lois W. Dow MD1, Arthur G. Weinberg MD1, Yuichi Sato MD1, Peter Stastny MD1, and George R. Buchanan MD1

1 The Departments of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, and Division of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, and Clinical Investigation Center, United States Naval Hospital, Oakland, California

Cells from three children with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia were studied using culture in semisolid media, cytogenetic analysis, and surface staining with the monocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies 61D3 and 63D3. The percentage of bone marrow mononuclear cells that were 61D3- and 63D3-positive was markedly increased in all three patients. Bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited exceptionally bright immunofluorescence with these antibodies. The presence of monocyte-specific antigens on the surface of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia cells suggests that they are derived from a precursor with monocytic characteristics. A specific chromosomal abnormality (47, XY+21) was present in fresh bone marrow cells from one patient; in contrast, 50 metaphases from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood contained a normal karyotype. The chromosomal abnormality was also identified in myeloid colonies grown in vitro from this patient. Granulocytic elements were demonstrated in tissue sections and in cultured myeloid colonies from this child. Our data suggest that malignant transformation in juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia involves a myeloid progenitor population capable of differentiation in vitro to cells with monocytic or granulocytic characteristics.

Key Words: monoclonal antibody • juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia • cytogenetics

Submitted on February 22, 1985
Accepted on May 1, 1985