PEDIATRICS Vol. 76 No. 4 October 1985, pp. 479-487
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Extracorporeal Circulation in Neonatal Respiratory Failure: A Prospective Randomized Study

Robert H. Bartlett MD1, Dietrich W. Roloff MD1, Richard G. Cornell PhD1, Alice French Andrews MD1, Peter W. Dillon MD1, and Joseph B. Zwischenberger MD1

1 From the Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics, and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

A prospective controlled randomized study of the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat newborns with respiratory failure was carried out using the "randomized play-the-winner" statistical method. In this method the chance of randomly assigning an infant to one treatment or the other is influenced by the outcome of treatment of each patient in the study. If one treatment is more successful, more patients are randomly assigned to that treatment. A group of 12 infants with birth weight greater than 2 kg met objective criteria for high mortality risk. One patient was randomly assigned to conventional treatment (that patient died); 11 patients were randomly chosen for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (all survived). Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in one of 11 surviving children. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation allows lung rest and improves survival compared to conventional ventilator therapy in newborn infants with severe respiratory failure.

Key Words: neonatal • respiratory failure • extracorporal circulation • oxygenation

Submitted on December 21, 1984
Accepted on March 29, 1985




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