PEDIATRICS Vol. 75 No. 5 May 1985, pp. 807-812
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Do We Fatten Our Children at the Television Set? Obesity and Television Viewing in Children and Adolescents

William H. Dietz Jr MD, PhD1 and Steven L. Gortmaker PhD1

1 From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, New England Medical Center, and Department of Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston

The association of television viewing and obesity in data collected during cycles II and III of the National Health Examination Survey was examined. Cycle II examined 6,965 children aged 6 to 11 years and cycle III examined 6,671 children aged 12 to 17 years. Included in the cycle III sample were 2,153 subjects previously studied during cycle II. These surveys, therefore, provided two cross-sectional samples and one prospective sample. In all three samples, significant associations of the time spent watching television and the prevalence of obesity were observed. In 12- to 17-year-old adolescents, the prevalence of obesity increased by 2% for each additional hour of television viewed. The associations persisted when controlled for prior obesity, region, season, population density, race, socioeconomic class, and a variety of other family variables. The consistency, temporal sequence, strength, and specificity of the associations suggest that television viewing may cause obesity in at least some children and adolescents. The potential effects of obesity on activity and the consumption of calorically dense foods are consistent with this hypothesis.

Key Words: television • obesity • nutrition • adolescents

Submitted on April 23, 1984
Accepted on June 20, 1984


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Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. J. Hanley, S. B Harris, J. Gittelsohn, T. M. Wolever, B. Saksvig, and B. Zinman
Overweight among children and adolescents in a Native Canadian community: prevalence and associated factors
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2000; 71(3): 693 - 700.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
L. H. Epstein, R. A. Paluch, C. C. Gordy, and J. Dorn
Decreasing Sedentary Behaviors in Treating Pediatric Obesity
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, March 1, 2000; 154(3): 220 - 226.
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Journal of Black StudiesHome page
C. M. Orange and A. M. George
Child Sacrifice: Black America's Price of Paying the Media Piper
Journal of Black Studies, January 1, 2000; 30(3): 294 - 314.
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T. N. Robinson
Reducing Children's Television Viewing to Prevent Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, October 27, 1999; 282(16): 1561 - 1567.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
O. Pinhas-Hamiel, D. Standiford, D. Hamiel, L. M. Dolan, R. Cohen, and P. S. Zeitler
The Type 2 Family: A Setting for Development and Treatment of Adolescent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, October 1, 1999; 153(10): 1063 - 1067.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
S. L. Gortmaker, L. W. Y. Cheung, K. E. Peterson, G. Chomitz, J. H. Cradle, H. Dart, M. K. Fox, R. B. Bullock, A. M. Sobol, G. Colditz, et al.
Impact of a School-Based Interdisciplinary Intervention on Diet and Physical Activity Among Urban Primary School Children: Eat Well and Keep Moving
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 1999; 153(9): 975 - 983.
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Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. Stevens, C. E Cornell, M. Story, S. A French, S. Levin, A. Becenti, J. Gittelsohn, S. B Going, and R. Reid
Development of a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in American Indian children
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 1999; 69 (4): 773S - 781S.
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Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. B Going, S. Levin, J. Harrell, D. Stewart, L. Kushi, C. E Cornell, S. Hunsberger, C. Corbin, and J. Sallis
Physical activity assessment in American Indian schoolchildren in the Pathways study
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 1999; 69 (4): 788S - 795S.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
S. L. Gortmaker, K. Peterson, J. Wiecha, A. M. Sobol, S. Dixit, M. K. Fox, and N. Laird
Reducing Obesity via a School-Based Interdisciplinary Intervention Among Youth: Planet Health
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, April 1, 1999; 153(4): 409 - 418.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
J. Gennuso, L. H. Epstein, R. A. Paluch, and F. Cerny
The Relationship Between Asthma and Obesity in Urban Minority Children and Adolescents
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, December 1, 1998; 152(12): 1197 - 1200.
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L. A. Moreno, J. Fleta, L. Mur, M. Stafford, J. C. K. Wells, M. Fewtrell, R. E. Andersen, C. Crespo, S. J. Bartlett, and M. Pratt
Television Watching and Fatness in Children
JAMA, October 14, 1998; 280(14): 1230 - 1232.
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PediatricsHome page
P. A. Bernard, C. Johnston, S. E. Curtis, and W. D. King
Toppled Television Sets Cause Significant Pediatric Morbidity and Mortality
Pediatrics, September 1, 1998; 102(3): e32 - e32.
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PediatricsHome page
M. I. Goran, B. A. Gower, T. R. Nagy, and R. K. Johnson
Developmental Changes in Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity in Children: Evidence for a Decline in Physical Activity in Girls Before Puberty
Pediatrics, May 1, 1998; 101(5): 887 - 891.
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R. E. Andersen, C. J. Crespo, S. J. Bartlett, L. J. Cheskin, and M. Pratt
Relationship of Physical Activity and Television Watching With Body Weight and Level of Fatness Among Children: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
JAMA, March 25, 1998; 279(12): 938 - 942.
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