PEDIATRICS Vol. 74 No. 3 September 1984, pp. 336-341
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Infant Size at 8 Months of Age: Relationship to Maternal Use of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Caffeine During Pregnancy

Helen M. Barr MS1, Ann Pytkowicz Streissguth PhD1, Donald C. Martin PhD1, and Cynthia S. Herman Ph.D1

1 From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Institute, and Child Development and Mental Retardation Center of the University of Washington, Seattle

To examine the relationship of maternal alcohol consumption, caffeine use, and smoking to infant size at 8 months of age, a follow-up cohort of 453 infants was examined at birth and again at their 8-month birthday. Even after adjustment for other relevant variables, maternal alcohol use during early pregnancy (average ounces of absolute alcohol by self-report) was significantly related to infant weight and length at 8 months of age but not as strongly related to head circumference. Maternal smoking and caffeine use during pregnancy were not significantly related to infant size at 8 months, although nicotine use had been highly related to the birth size in this sample. Maternal use of marijuana was significantly and negatively related to infant length at 8 months of age, but not to weight or head circumference. The magnitude of the growth retardation is smaller at 8 months than at birth in this sample of infants whose mothers are primarily white, married, and well-educated, and who report a variety of alcohol use patterns. Significance was tested using multiple regression analyses that adjusted for the effects of nicotine use, caffeine use, birth order, maternal height, and gestational age as well as sex and age of infant at examination.

Key Words: infant size • alcohol • smoking • caffeine • pregnancy

Submitted on May 9, 1983
Accepted on December 23, 1983




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