PEDIATRICS Vol. 73 No. 4 April 1984, pp. 509-514
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Effect of Isoproterenol Inhalation on Airway Resistance in Chronic Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Lily C. Kao MD1, David Warburton BSc, MB, MRCP1, Arnold C. G. Platzker MD1, and Thomas G. Keens MD1

1 From the Neonatal-Respiratory Disease Division, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles

The effects of isoproterenol inhalation on pulmonary mechanics in ten infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), aged 41 ± 1 (SE) weeks postconception, with gestational age at birth 30 ± 1 weeks, and birth weight 1,590 ± 200 g were studied. The infants had: (1) hyaline membrane disease requiring mechanical ventilation in the first five days of life, (2) mechanical ventilation and/or FIO2 greater than 30% for at least 30 days, and (3) stage III or IV radiographic changes. Thoracic gas volume, airway resistance, and specific airway conductance were measured in an infant body pressure plethysmograph during quiet breathing. Dynamic pulmonary compliance was measured using an esophageal balloon. These infants with BPD had greater airway resistance, lower specific airway conductance, and lower dynamic pulmonary compliance than 16 normal control infants (age 40 ± 1 weeks postconception). In the infants with BPD, measurements were obtained before and frac12, 1, 2, and 6 hours after the administration of isoproterenol aerosol 0.1% inhalation or saline aerosol placebo, five breaths by slow inflation of the lungs with an anesthesia bag. Within 30 minutes after isoproterenol inhalation, airway resistance decreased 28% ± 5% and specific airway conductance increased 53% ± 15%. Thoracic gas volume and dynamic pulmonary compliance did not change. There were no changes following administration of the placebo. Isoproterenol inhalation is associated with rapid short-term improvement in airway resistance and specific airway conductance in infants with BPD.

Key Words: isoproterenol • bronchodilator • airway resistance • bronchopulmonary dysplasia • specific airway conductance

Submitted on March 28, 1983
Accepted on May 26, 1983




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