PEDIATRICS Vol. 69 No. 4 April 1982, pp. 404-408
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Clinical Reactions and Serologic Responses After Vaccination with Whole-Virus or Split-Virus Influenza Vaccines in Children Aged 6 to 36 Months

David I. Bernstein MD1, John M. Zahradnik MD1, Charles J. DeAngelis MD1, and James D. Cherry MD1

1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of whole-virus and split-product influenza vaccines were studied in 77 children between the ages of 6 and 36 months. Subjects initially received monovalent vaccine containing either A/USSR/77 (H1N1) antigen in 1978 or A/Brazil/78 (H1N1) antigen in 1979. One month later a trivalent preparation was given which contained the respective H1N1 antigen plus A/Texas/77 (H3N2) and B/Hong Kong/72 antigens. Temperatures of ge37.8 C (ge100 F) were observed more commonly after initial vaccination with whole-virus vaccine (35%) than after split-product vaccine (14%). No child had a temperature of ge39.4 C (103 F) or a febrile convulsion. The trivalent vaccines were more reactogenic than the monovalent vaccines although none of the reaction indices exceeded 0.9. The whole-virus vaccine appeared to be more immunogenic, especially in those children who were initially seronegative (preimmunization hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer <5). Only 50% of children vaccinated with split-product vaccines with initial hemagglutination-inhibiting titers of <5 achieved titers of ge20 to the H1N1 antigen after two doses of vaccine compared with 97% in similar whole-virus vaccine recipients. The degree of antibody response to the A/Texas/77 component of the vaccines was greater than the response to the A/Brazil/78 or A/USSR/77 antigens.

Submitted on April 20, 1981
Accepted on July 8, 1981


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