The authors compare family interaction in 70 child abuse cases and 70 nonabuse psychiatric outpatient cases. The children were matched for age level (3 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 17 years), sex, and primary diagnostic impression. Specific parameters focused on within each family included chronic situational stress, income level, mobility, previous psychiatric treatment, family conflict, husband-wife conflict, divorce, family resources, parent-child interaction, and underlying contributory factors with the parent and/or child. Abusive families were uniformly found to show a higher degree of pathology along the same parameters compared with controls. The significance of treating abusive families in the context of social systems is discussed.