PEDIATRICS Vol. 56 No. 1 July 1975, pp. 5-7
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Use of intravenously administered lipid in neonates

William C. Heird M.D.1 and John M. Driscoll Jr. M.D.1

1 Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; and Babies Hospital, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical 630 West 168th Street New York, New York 10032 Center

In this month's Pediatrics another method for feeding small infants is described. Although the method per se (i.e., intravenous supplementation of tolerated oral feedings) has been used frequently over the past few years, the present application is the first by which intrauterine growth rates with respect to weight, height, and head circumference have been achieved. The unique feature of the current application of the method is inclusion of an intravenously administered fat preparation as part of the nutrient infusate. The impressive growth rates were achieved without the use of central venous catheters with their attendant complications and without the use of indwelling intragastric or intraintestinal tubes.

Several aspects of this interesting paper require comment. First, despite the fact that achievement of intrauterine growth rates postnatally has been the goal of neonatologists for a number of years, such a growth rate has never been shown to be beneficial. In fact, it can be argued that infants who are gaining weight, regardless of how slowly, are receiving adequate nutrients to meet on-going metabolic requirements and are not undergoing a net breakdown of endogenous nutrient stores. Furthermore, a number of changes in body composition (e.g., loss of body water) occur postnatally and these changes make a continued intrauterine growth rate almost impossible out major changes in metabolism and/or metabolic requirements. Moreover, most of the weight increase during the last trimester is fat which, perhaps beneficial before birth, may actually be detrimental when deposited postnatally.

The appropriateness of a continued intrauterme growth rate is particularly pertinent when it is achieved with an agent that has not been evaluated thoroughly in very small infants (i.e., an intravenous soybean oil [Intralipid]).