PEDIATRICS Vol. 55 No. 4 April 1975, pp. 485-492
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Extracardiac Abnormalities in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease

Ronald D. Greenwood M.D.1, Amnon Rosenthal M.D.1, Lucy Parisi M.D.1, Donald C. Fyler M.D.1, and Alexander S. Nadas M.D.1

1 Children's Hospital Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Tufts-New England Medical center Hospital, Boston Floating Hospital for lnfants and Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Hartford Hospital, University of Connecticut Health Center, and St. Francis Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; Yale University School of Medicine and Yale-New Haven Medical Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire; University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

Extracardiac anomalies (ECA) occur in 25% of infants seen during the first year of life for significant cardiac disease. Often the ECA are multiple and one third of the affected infants have some established syndrome. In infants with endocardial cushion defect, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, malpositions, tetralogy of Fallot, and complex coarctation ECA occur in 25% or more of the cases. The most frequent ECA are in the musculoskeletal system or associated with a specific syndrome. The presence of an ECA significantly increases the mortality in infants with CHD.




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