PEDIATRICS Vol. 48 No. 2 August 1971, pp. 175-177
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POSITIVE TRANSPULMONARY AIRWAY PRESSURE

Thomas K. Oliver Jr. M.D.1

1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

There is now good evidence unpublished and published1,2 that neonatal intensive care is associated with increased survival. The major cause of neonatal mortality is the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS); hence the decrease in neonatal mortality can be ascribed, in part at least, to improvement in the management of infants with this syndrome. The arterial oxygen tension while breathing 100% oxygen has been shown to be the most valuable prognosticator for outcome in this disease;3,4 an oxygen tension less than 100 mm Hg (in 100% oxygen) during the first 24 hours is associated with a markedly increased mortality. Thus central in the management scheme is adequate oxygenation.