This is a full report of the proceedings of the first Canadian Federal-Provincial Conference on Mental Retardation, sponsored by the Minister of National Health and Welfare, and held in Ottawa, Canada, October 19-22, 1964. Since the main purpose of the conference was to indicate practical steps that might be taken to coordinate and improve preventive, treatment, training, and employment services for mentally retarded persons, it was decided to publish the proceedings in full, including formal presentations and discussions, so that the book might serve as a guide for present action and as a landmark against which to measure future progress.