PEDIATRICS Vol. 30 No. 1 July 1962, pp. 136-144
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ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS IN PREMATURE INFANT FEEDING

Mollie A. Combes M.D.1, Edward L. Pratt M.D.2, and Hilda F. Wiese Ph.D.3

1 Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School, Dallas
2 Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas
3 University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston

The weight gain, caloric intake, and serum levels of total fatty acids, dienoic, trienoic, and tetraenoic acids and cholesterol were measured in premature infants fed to satiety on three diets identical in all respects except for the amounts of partially hydrogenated coconut and corn oil. The calories from fat were kept at 18% of the total, but Diet A6 provided 0.01%, Diet B8 0.05%, and Diet C7 4.5% of the calories as linoleic acid. All infants appeared clinically well and gained regularly throughout the study.

Infants on the diet containing 4.5% of the calories as linoleic acid had a slightly better partial caloric efficiency ratio than that of the infants on the diet with 0.01% of the calories as linoleic acid. The serum lipid values in the infants fed the lower amounts of linoleic acid (lower amounts of corn oil) resembled those reported in experimental animals with recognizable essential fatty acid deficiency. The serum lipid values for the group receiving 4.5% of the calories as linoleic acid (also ingesting the largest amount of corn oil) approach those reported in infants fed human milk.

The significance of these observations to practical infant feeding is not clear until more is known concerning the inter-relationships of essential fatty acids and numerous other food substances in human nutrition.




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