PEDIATRICS Vol. 29 No. 5 May 1962, pp. 780-787
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SMOKING HABITS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATED TO INTELLIGENCE AND ACHIEVEMENT

Eva J. Salber M.D.1, Brian MacMahon M.D.1, and Barbara Welsh M.Ed.1

1 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, School of Public Health

A survey of the smoking habits of 6,810 students (91%) of the high school population of the public school system in Newton, Massachusetts, was carried out in November, 1959, by means of signed questionnaires. Data on I.Q. and academic achievement were obtained from school records. In all grades, mean intelligence levels of children who did not smoke were higher than those of students who did smoke. Among smokers mean I.Q.'s were lower for the heavy than for the light smokers. Mean grade achievement in the academic year preceding the survey was substantially higher for nonsmokers and for light smokers than for heavy smokers. These differences were particularly striking among boys. A greater proportion of nonsmokers than of smokers achieved the upper academic curriculum at high school and within that curriculum were placed in advanced classes. Within restricted levels of achievement there was no consistent difference between smokers and nonsmokers in mean I.Q. However, the inverse association between achievement and smoking habits was evident within all categories of I.Q. level examined. Higher academic achievement for nonsmokers than for smokers was evident within all social classes as determined from father's occupation.




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