Published online May 26, 2009
PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 6 June 2009, pp. e1017-e1027 (doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2663)
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ARTICLE

Are Starting and Continuing Breastfeeding Related to Educational Background? The Generation R Study

Lenie van Rossem, MSca,b, Anke Oenema, PhD, MPHb, Eric A. P. Steegers, MD, PhDc, Henriëtte A. Moll, MD, PhDd, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, MD, PhDa,d,e, Albert Hofman, MD, PhDe, Johan P. Mackenbach, MD, PhDb and Hein Raat, MD, PhDb

a Generation R Study Group
b Department of Public Health
c Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Departments of
d Pediatrics
e Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands

OBJECTIVE. To assess the effect of a woman's educational level on starting and continuing breastfeeding and to assess the role of sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, psychosocial, and birth characteristics in this association.

METHODS. We used the data of 2914 participants in a population-based prospective cohort study. Information on educational level, breastfeeding, sociodemographic (maternal age, single parenthood, parity, job status), lifestyle-related (BMI, smoking, alcohol use), psychosocial (whether the pregnancy was planned, stress), and birth (gestational age, birth weight, cesarean delivery, place and type of delivery) characteristics were obtained between pregnancy and 12 months postpartum. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of starting and continuing breastfeeding for educational level were obtained by logistic regression, adjusted for each group of covariates and for all covariates simultaneously.

RESULTS. Of 1031 highest-educated mothers, 985 (95.5%) started breastfeeding; the percentage was 73.1% (255 of 349) in the lowest-educated mothers. At 6 months, 39.3% (405 of 1031) of highest-educated mothers and 15.2% (53 of 349) of lowest-educated mothers were still breastfeeding. Educationally related differences were present in starting breastfeeding and the continuation of breastfeeding until 2 months but not in breastfeeding continuation between 2 and 6 months. Lifestyle-related and birth characteristics attenuated the association between educational level and breastfeeding, but the association was hardly affected by sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS. Decisions to breastfeed were underlain by differences in educational background. The underlying pathways require further research. For the time being, interventions on promoting breastfeeding should start early in pregnancy and should increase their focus on low-educated women.

Key Words: breastfeeding • socioeconomic status

Abbreviations: OR—odds ratio • CI—confidence interval • FAD—Family Assessment Device • MABS—Mother and Baby Scales

Accepted Feb 17, 2009.


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