Published online August 1, 2008
PEDIATRICS Vol. 122 No. 2 August 2008, pp. 238-242 (doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2776)
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ARTICLE

Blood Pressure Variability and Classification of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Adolescence

Bonita Falkner, MDa, Samuel S. Gidding, MDa,b, Ronald Portman, MDc and Bernard Rosner, PhDd

a Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
b Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
c Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas
d Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

OBJECTIVE. There is little information in pediatrics on the persistence of the prehypertension and hypertension classifications or on the progression of prehypertension to hypertension. This study aimed to examine those issues.

METHODS. An analysis of data from the National Childhood Blood Pressure database was conducted to examine the longitudinal blood pressure outcomes for adolescents classified after a single measurement of blood pressure. Adolescent subjects (N = 8535) for whom serial single blood pressure measurements were obtained at intervals of 2 years were identified. Subjects were stratified according to blood pressure status at the initial measurement, as having normotension, prehypertension, or hypertension.

RESULTS. Among subjects designated as having prehypertension (n = 1470), 14% of boys and 12% of girls had hypertension 2 years later. Among subjects designated as having hypertension, 31% of boys and 26% of girls continued to exhibit hypertension, and 47% of boys and 26% of girls had blood pressure values in the prehypertensive range. Regression models showed no significant effect of race on blood pressure changes but significant effects of initial BMI and changes in BMI.

CONCLUSIONS. These data indicated that the rate of progression of prehypertension to hypertension was ~7% per year. Prehypertension can be predictive of future hypertension and may benefit from preventive interventions, especially lifestyle changes.

Key Words: blood pressure • hypertension • obesity • adolescents

Abbreviations: BP—blood pressure

Accepted Dec 7, 2007.


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Prehypertension and Hypertension in Adolescents
Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, August 13, 2008; 2008(813): 3 - 3.
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