Published online June 2, 2008
PEDIATRICS Vol. 121 No. 6 June 2008, pp. e1715-e1722 (doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3147)
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ARTICLE

Influence of Catch-up Growth on Glucose Tolerance and β-Cell Function in 7-Year-Old Children: Results From the Birth to Twenty Study

Nigel J. Crowther, PhDa, Noel Cameron, PhDb, Jessica Trusler, MBBCha, Marketa Toman, MSca, Shane A. Norris, PhDc and I. Peter Gray, MBBCha

a Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service
c Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
b Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of catch-up growth occurring at different stages of childhood on glucose levels and β-cell function at 7 years of age.

METHODS. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 152 7-year-old children. Anthropometric data were available from birth to 7 years of age. Children were split into catch-up, catch-down, and normal-growth groups on the basis of growth rates between birth and 1 year, birth and 5 years, and birth and 7 years. Fasting and 30- and 120-minute blood samples collected during the oral glucose tolerance tests were assayed for glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and des-31,32-proinsulin levels, and area-under-the-curve values were calculated.

RESULTS. Children with catch-up growth between birth and 5 years or birth and 7 years had greater area-under-the-curve insulin levels than the children with catch-down growth. Children with catch-up growth only between birth and 7 years exhibited higher proinsulin levels and a greater insulin secretory response to glucose than those who experienced catch-up growth between both birth and 1 year and birth and 7 years of age. Low birth weight children with no catch-up growth between birth and 7 years had the highest glucose and lowest insulinogenic index levels, whereas children with high birth weight and catch-up growth had the highest insulin levels.

CONCLUSIONS. Extremes of birth weight in conjunction with extremes of postnatal growth are all detrimental to childhood metabolism. The negative metabolic effects of catch-up growth between birth and 7 years may be attenuated if catch-up growth also occurs between birth and 1 year of age.

Key Words: catch-up growth • low birth weight • insulin sensitivity

Abbreviations: SGA—small for gestational age • OGTT—oral glucose tolerance test • HOMA—homeostasis model assessment • AUC—area(s) under the curve • LBW-CU—low birth weight with catch-up growth • LBW-noCU—low birth weight without catch-up growth • HBW-CU—high birth weight with catch-up growth • HBW-noCU—high birth weight without catch-up growth • CU7—catch-up growth between birth and 7 years only • CU1/7—catch-up growth between birth and 1 year and birth and 7 years • ANCOVA—analysis of covariance

Accepted Jan 2, 2008.


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