Published online December 31, 2007
PEDIATRICS Vol. 121 No. 1 January 2008, pp. e85-e91 (doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0904)
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow P3Rs: Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when P3Rs are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Dubowitz, H.
Right arrow Articles by Kim, J.
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Dubowitz, H.
Right arrow Articles by Kim, J.
Related Collections
Right arrow Office Practice

ARTICLE

Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in a Pediatric Primary Care Clinic

Howard Dubowitz, MDa, Leslie Prescott, BAa, Susan Feigelman, MDa, Wendy Lane, MD, MPHa,b and Jeongeun Kim, PhDa

Departments of a Pediatrics
b Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

OBJECTIVES. To estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among parents at a pediatric primary care clinic and to evaluate the stability, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios of a very brief screen for intimate partner violence.

METHODS. A total of 200 parents (mostly mothers) bringing in children less than 6 years of age for child health supervision completed the Parent Screening Questionnaire in a primary care clinic. The Parent Screening Questionnaire, a brief screen for psychosocial problems developed for the study, includes 3 questions on intimate partner violence. Mothers then completed the computerized study protocol within 2 months. This included the Parent Screening Questionnaire as well as the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Different combinations of the intimate partner violence questions were evaluated against the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale.

RESULTS. A total of 12.0% of the mothers answered "yes" to at least one of the screening questions. On the standardized Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, responses ranged from 9% reporting a physical injury in the past year to 76% reporting psychological aggression. There was moderate stability of the screening questions. A single question, "Have you ever been in a relationship in which you were physically hurt or threatened by a partner?" in relation to the "physically injured" Revised Conflict Tactics Scale subscale was most effective. Sensitivity was 29%, specificity was 92%, positive predictive value was 41%, and negative predictive value was 88%. The positive likelihood ratio was 3.8, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.77.

CONCLUSIONS. Intimate partner violence is a prevalent problem. A very brief screen can reasonably identify some mothers who could benefit from additional evaluation and possible services. Additional research is needed to find a more sensitive screen and to examine whether identifying intimate partner violence leads to interventions that benefit mothers, families, and children.

Key Words: risk factors • intimate partner violence • domestic violence • prevention • screening • primary care

Abbreviations: IPV—intimate partner violence • PSQ—Parent Screening Questionnaire • PPV—positive predictive value • NPV—negative predictive value • LR+—positive likelihood ratio • LR–—negative likelihood ratio • CTS2—Revised Conflict Tactics Scale

Accepted May 29, 2007.