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Published online October 1, 2007
PEDIATRICS Vol. 120 No. 4 October 2007, pp. e862-e868 (doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3451)
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ARTICLE

Effectiveness of Previous Mumps Vaccination During a Summer Camp Outbreak

Joshua K. Schaffzin, MD, PhDa,b, Lynn Pollock, MSNb, Cynthia Schulte, BSNb, Kyle Henry, PHNc, Gustavo Dayan, MDd, Debra Blog, MD, MPHb, Perry Smith, MDb,e

a Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Career Workforce and Development
d Epidemiology Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
b New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
c Sullivan County Health Department, Monticello, New York
e School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York

OBJECTIVES. Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease that may cause outbreaks. In July 2005, an outbreak of mumps occurred during a children's summer camp in upstate New York. An investigation was initiated to describe the cases and evaluate vaccine effectiveness.

METHODS. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 541 children from the United States and abroad who attended a 1- or 2-month overnight summer camp. Patients with mumps were interviewed; serologic analysis was conducted for 6 case patients. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by retrospective review of immunization records for 507 attendees who were eligible for vaccination and had verified immunization history.

RESULTS. Thirty-one camp attendees were identified as having mumps (attack rate: 5.7%); 5 (83%) of 6 patients tested had positivity for mumps immunoglobulin M. Of the 507 participants (including 29 patients) with available immunization history, 440 (including 16 [87%] patients) were 2-dose recipients of mumps vaccine (attack rate: 3.6%); 46 participants (including 4 [9%] patients) were 1-dose recipients (attack rate: 8.7%); and 21 (including 9 [4%] patients) were unvaccinated (attack rate: 42.9%). Vaccine effectiveness was 92% for 2 doses and 80% for 1 dose.

CONCLUSIONS. Outbreaks of mumps in settings such as summer camps can occur despite high vaccination rates. Vaccine effectiveness for 2 mumps vaccinations was greater than vaccine effectiveness for 1 mumps vaccination. Therefore, recommendation of 2 mumps vaccinations for summer camp participants continues to be appropriate. Control of mumps disease relies on broad vaccination coupled with correct clinical diagnosis and strict control measures.

Key Words: mumps • measles-mumps-rubella vaccine • immunizations • disease outbreaks

Abbreviations: ACIP—Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices • VE—vaccine effectiveness • CDC—Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • Ig—immunoglobulin • RT-PCR—reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction • AR—attack rate • CI—confidence interval

Accepted Feb 7, 2007.


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