There is no English translation for the German word Heilpädagogik, yet we may define it as educational treatment of neuropsychopathologic disorders of children. The German school limits this activity field to mental retardation, whereas the Austrian concept comprises a far wider range. This is due to the fact that Vienna has played a leading traditional role in the research development of child psychopathology. Freud, Adler, Bühler and Economo had great influence not only on pediatric psychology, but on sociology and normal pedagogy.