PEDIATRICS Vol. 119 No. 3 March 2007, pp. 468-475 (doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2639)
ARTICLE |
Is Nephrocalcinosis in Preterm Neonates Harmful for Long-term Blood Pressure and Renal Function?
a Departments of Pediatrics
b Radiology
c Clinical Chemistry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
d Departments of Pediatrics
e Radiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, Juliana Children's Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
f Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
g Department of Medical Statistics, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
OBJECTIVE. The aim of our study was to examine long-term effects of nephrocalcinosis in prematurely born children.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Preterm neonates (gestational age <32 weeks) with (n = 42) and without (n = 32) nephrocalcinosis were prospectively studied at a mean age of 7.5 (±1.0) years.
RESULTS. Blood pressure did not differ in ex-preterm infants with and without nephrocalcinosis but was significantly higher than expected for healthy children. In comparison to healthy children, more ex-preterm infants with neonatal nephrocalcinosis had (mild) chronic renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate: <85 mL/min per 1.73 m2; 6 of 40); this is in contrast to ex-preterm infants without neonatal nephrocalcinosis (2 of 32). Tubular phosphate reabsorption and plasma bicarbonate were significantly lower in children with nephrocalcinosis compared with children without nephrocalcinosis. In addition, more ex-preterm infants with and without nephrocalcinosis than expected had low values for plasma bicarbonate and early-morning urine osmolality compared with healthy children. Kidney length of ex-preterm infants with and without nephrocalcinosis was significantly smaller than expected in healthy children of the same height. Nephrocalcinosis persisted long-term in 4 of 42 children but was not related to blood pressure, kidney length, or renal function.
CONCLUSIONS. Nephrocalcinosis in preterm neonates can have long-term sequelae for glomerular and tubular function. Furthermore, prematurity per se is associated with high blood pressure, relatively small kidneys, and (distal) tubular dysfunction. Long-term follow-up of blood pressure and renal glomerular and tubular function of preterm neonates, especially with neonatal nephrocalcinosis, seems warranted.
Key Words: nephrocalcinosis renal failure blood pressure preterm infants child
Abbreviations: GFR—glomerular filtration rate TRP—tubular reabsorption of phosphate SDS—SD score
Accepted Nov 9, 2006.
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