Published online September 1, 2006
PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 3 September 2006, pp. e890-e903 (doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0810)

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Youth Tobacco Use: A Global Perspective for Child Health Care Clinicians

Alexander V. Prokhorov, MD, PhD^a, Jonathan P. Winickoff, MD, MPH^b,c, Jasjit S. Ahluwalia, MD, MPH, MS^d, Deborah Ossip-Klein, PhD^e, Susanne Tanski, MD^f, Harry A. Lando, PhD^g, Eric T. Moolchan, MD^h, Myra Muramoto, MD, MPHⁱ, Jonathan D. Klein, MD, MPH^j, Michael Weitzman, MD^k, Kentya H. Ford, DrPH^a for the Tobacco Consortium, American Academy of Pediatrics Center for Child Health Research

^a Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
^b MGH Center for Child and Adolescent Health Policy, General Pediatrics Division, Mass General Hospital for Children
^c Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
^d Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
^e Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester New York
^f Center for Child Health Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
^g Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
^h Teen Tobacco Addiction Treatment Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
ⁱ Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
^j Departments of Pediatrics and Community and Preventive Medicine
^k Center for Child Health Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

Tobacco dependence, responsible for 4 million annual deaths worldwide, is considered to be a "pediatric disease." The smoking epidemic is spreading rapidly in developing countries. Factors contributing to youth smoking in developing countries include cultural traditions, tobacco's easy accessibility and moderate pricing, peer and family influences, and tobacco companies' advertisements and promotional activities. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure is a substantial problem that causes increased rates of pneumonia, otitis media, asthma, and other short- and long-term pediatric conditions. Parental tobacco use results in children's deprivation of essential needs such as nutrition and education. In this article we review contemporary evidence with respect to the etiology of nicotine dependence among youth, the forms of youth tobacco products worldwide, global youth tobacco-control efforts to date, medical education efforts, and child health care clinicians' special role in youth tobacco-control strategies. In addition, we provide a review of currently available funding opportunities for development and implementation of youth tobacco-control programs.

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Key Words: youth • smoking • tobacco

Abbreviations: SIDS—sudden infant death syndrome • SHS—secondhand smoke • WHO—World Health Organization • FCTC—Framework Convention on Tobacco Control • HONC—Hooked on Nicotine Checklist • CDS-12—Cigarette Dependence Twelve Item Scale • CDS-5—Cigarette Dependence Five Item Scale

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Accepted Mar 8, 2006.

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