Published online June 19, 2006
PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 1 July 2006, pp. e216-e219 (doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1861)
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EXPERIENCE AND REASON

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Complicating Influenza A Infection

Steven S. Mou, MDa,b, Thomas A. Nakagawa, MDa,b, Ellen C. Riemerc, Thomas W. McLean, MDb, Michael H. Hines, MDd and Avinash K. Shetty, MDb

a Anesthesiology
b Pediatrics
c Pathology
d Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Brenner Children's Hospital, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

During the influenza A (H3N2) season of 2003–2004, several influenza-related complications and deaths were reported in children. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicating influenza A infection is very rare. We report a 3-year-old girl who presented with severe pneumonia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with influenza A infection. Clinicians should be aware of hemophagocytic syndrome as a serious complication of influenza A infection.

Key Words: influenza A • hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • pneumonia

Abbreviations: HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • HPS, hemophagocytic syndrome • EBV, Epstein-Barr virus • VAHS, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome • WBC, white blood cell • LDH, lactate dehydrogenase • CSF, cerebrospinal fluid • BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage • IL, interleukin

Accepted Jan 17, 2006.


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