Published online July 3, 2006
PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 1 July 2006, pp. 309-321 (doi:10.1542/10.1542/peds.2005-3032)

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STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW ARTICLE

Pediatric Autonomic Disorders

Felicia B. Axelrod, MD^a, Gisela G. Chelimsky, MD^b and Debra E. Weese-Mayer, MD^c

^a Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
^b Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
^c Department of Pediatrics, Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

ABSTRACT

The scope of pediatric autonomic disorders is not well recognized. The goal of this review is to increase awareness of the expanding spectrum of pediatric autonomic disorders by providing an overview of the autonomic nervous system, including the roles of its various components and its pervasive influence, as well as its intimate relationship with sensory function. To illustrate further the breadth and complexities of autonomic dysfunction, some pediatric disorders are described, concentrating on those that present at birth or appear in early childhood.

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Key Words: autonomic nervous system • cardiovascular • sympathetic nervous system • parasympathetic nervous system • viscerosensory

Abbreviations: FD—familial dysautonomia • ANS—autonomic nervous system • CAN—central autonomic network • PHOX2B—paired-like homeobox 2B • NGF—nerve growth factor • CFS—chronic fatigue syndrome • HSAN—hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy • CIPA—congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis • CCHS—congenital central hypoventilation syndrome • CVS—cyclic vomiting syndrome • POTS—postural orthostatic tachycardia

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Accepted Feb 13, 2006.

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