Published online January 17, 2006
PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 2 February 2006, pp. e262-e267 (doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1255)
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Ventricular Septal Defect With Secondary Left Ventricular–to–Right Atrial Shunt Is Associated With a Higher Risk for Infective Endocarditis and a Lower Late Chance of Closure

Mei-Hwan Wu, MD, PhD, Jou-Kou Wang, MD, PhD, Ming-Tai Lin, MD, En-Ting Wu, MD, Frank Leigh Lu, MD, Sheunn-Nan Chiu, MD and Hung-Chi Lue, MD

Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

OBJECTIVE. Although ventricular septal aneurysm may diminish or even close the shunt through the ventricular septal defect (VSD), developing a left ventricular–to–right atrial (LV-RA) shunt may be unfavorable. This study sought to clarify this issue on the basis of an extended observation of such patients.

METHODS. Sixty-eight patients (1201 patient-years) who had small perimembranous VSD and LV-RA shunt and were not operated on before 6 years of age were studied.

RESULTS. The onset age of LV-RA shunt was 5.8 ± 3.3 years, with clinical improvement later observed in 23 (34%). The murmur disappeared and showed spontaneous closure in 5 (7%). Seven episodes of infective endocarditis occurred in 6 (8.7%, or 58 per 10000 patient-years), with 2 receiving surgery. Another 4 received surgery during follow-up. With echocardiography, aneurysmal transformation involving the anterior and septal leaflets of tricuspid valve (double sac) was found in 56 (85%), whereas only the septal leaflet (single sac) was involved in 10. Patients with double sac were less likely to show improvement, whereas patients who had superior QRS axis and were female showed clinical improvement more frequently.

CONCLUSIONS. VSD with secondary LV-RA shunt is associated with a higher risk for infective endocarditis but still has a low chance for late improvement and even closure.

Key Words: ventricular septal defect • left ventricular-to-right atrial shunt

Abbreviations: VSD—ventricular septal defect • LV-RA—left ventricular–to–right atrial shunt

Accepted Jul 29, 2005.


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