Published online December 1, 2005
PEDIATRICS Vol. 116 No. 6 December 2005, pp. 1353-1360 (doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0249)
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Validation of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Richard A. Ehrenkranz, MD*, Michele C. Walsh, MD{ddagger}, Betty R. Vohr, MD§, Alan H. Jobe, MD, PhD||, Linda L. Wright, MD, Avroy A. Fanaroff, MB, BCh{ddagger}, Lisa A. Wrage, MPH#, Kenneth Poole, PhD# for the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network

* Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
{ddagger} Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
§ Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
|| Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
# RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Objective. A number of definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or chronic lung disease, have been used. A June 2000 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop proposed a severity-based definition of BPD for infants <32 weeks’ gestational age (GA). Mild BPD was defined as a need for supplemental oxygen (O2) for ≥28 days but not at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) or discharge, moderate BPD as O2 for ≥28 days plus treatment with <30% O2 at 36 weeks’ PMA, and severe BPD as O2 for ≥28 days plus ≥30% O2 and/or positive pressure at 36 weeks’ PMA. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive validity of the severity-based, consensus definition of BPD.

Methods. Data from 4866 infants (birth weight ≤1000 g, GA <32 weeks, alive at 36 weeks’ PMA) who were entered into the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Very Low Birth weight (VLBW) Infant Registry between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1999, were linked to data from the Network Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Follow-up Program, in which surviving ELBW infants have a neurodevelopmental and health assessment at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age. Linked VLBW Registry and Follow-up data were available for 3848 (79%) infants. Selected follow-up outcomes (use of pulmonary medications, rehospitalization for pulmonary causes, receipt of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities) were compared among infants who were identified with BPD defined as O2 for 28 days (28 days definition), as O2 at 36 weeks’ PMA (36 weeks’ definition), and with the consensus definition of BPD.

Results. A total of 77% of the neonates met the 28-days definition, and 44% met the 36-weeks definition. Using the consensus BPD definition, 77% of the infants had BPD, similar to the cohort identified by the 28-days definition. A total of 46% of the infants met the moderate (30%) or severe (16%) consensus definition criteria, identifying a similar cohort of infants as the 36-weeks definition. Of infants who met the 28-days definition and 36-weeks definition and were seen at follow-up at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age, 40% had been treated with pulmonary medications and 35% had been rehospitalized for pulmonary causes. In contrast, as the severity of BPD identified by the consensus definition worsened, the incidence of those outcomes and of selected adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes increased in the infants who were seen at follow-up.

Conclusion. The consensus BPD definition identifies a spectrum of risk for adverse pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early infancy more accurately than other definitions.

Key Words: bronchopulmonary dysplasia • chronic lung disease • extremely preterm infants • neurodevelopmental

Abbreviations: BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia • CLD, chronic lung disease • PMA, postmenstrual age • VLBW, very low birth weight • GA, gestational age • ELBW, extremely low birth weight • NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development • CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure • RSV, respiratory syncytial virus • CP, cerebral palsy

Accepted Apr 21, 2005.




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