Published online August 31, 2005
PEDIATRICS Vol. 116 No. 3 September 2005, pp. e432-e435 (doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0313)
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ELECTRONIC ARTICLE

Fat and Energy Contents of Expressed Human Breast Milk in Prolonged Lactation

Dror Mandel, MD, MHA*,{ddagger}, Ronit Lubetzky, MD*,{ddagger},§, Shaul Dollberg, MD, FACN*,{ddagger}, Shimon Barak, MD* and Francis B. Mimouni, MD, FAAP, FACN*,{ddagger}

* Department of Neonatology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
{ddagger} Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
§ Department of Pediatrics, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel

Objective. To estimate fat and energy contents of human milk during prolonged lactation.

Methods. Thirty-four mothers, of term, healthy, growing children, who had been lactating for >1 year (12–39 months) were recruited. Control subjects were 27 mothers, of term infants, who had been lactating for 2 to 6 months. Fat contents of the milk samples were estimated as creamatocrit (CMT) levels. Energy contents of the milk were measured with a bomb calorimeter.

Results. The groups did not differ in terms of maternal height and diet, infant birth weight, gestational age, or breastfeeding frequency. They differed significantly in terms of maternal age, maternal weight, and BMI. The mean CMT levels were 7.36 ± 2.65% in the short-duration group and 10.65 ± 5.07% in the long-lactation group. The mean energy contents were 3103.7 ± 863.2 kJ/L in the short-duration group and 3683.2 ± 1032.2 kJ/L in the long-duration group. The mean CMT levels and mean energy contents were correlated significantly with the duration of lactation (R2 = 0.22 and R2 = 0.23, respectively). In multivariate regression analysis, CMT levels (or energy contents) were not influenced by maternal age, diet, BMI, or number of daily feedings but remained significantly influenced by the duration of lactation.

Conclusions. Human milk expressed by mothers who have been lactating for >1 year has significantly increased fat and energy contents, compared with milk expressed by women who have been lactating for shorter periods. During prolonged lactation, the fat energy contribution of breast milk to the infant diet might be significant.

Key Words: breast milk • breastfeeding • lactation • energy intake

Abbreviations: HM, human milk • CMT, creamatocrit

Accepted Mar 16, 2005.


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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

eLetters:

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How long is "prolonged"?
James E. Akre
Pediatrics Online, 30 Sep 2005 [Full text]
Fat and energy in breastmilk
Jack Newman
Pediatrics Online, 6 Oct 2005 [Full text]