PEDIATRICS Vol. 116 No. 3 September 2005, pp. 725-731 (doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0309)
Is Blood Pressure Increased 19 Years After Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Preterm Birth? A Prospective Follow-up Study in the Netherlands
,
* Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Department of Clinical Epidemiology
Department of Pediatrics
¶ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center
|| Department of TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, Netherlands
Objective. To determine whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a predisposing factor for high blood pressure (BP) in 19-year-olds who were born (very) preterm.
Methods. A prospective follow-up study was conducted at age 19 in individuals who born preterm in the Netherlands in 1983. Systolic, diastolic, and mean BP values and plasma renin activity concentration were obtained in 422 young adults who were born with a gestational age (GA) <32 weeks. BP values were also measured in 174 individuals who born with a GA of 
32 weeks and a birth weight of <1500 g.
Results. An increased prevalence of hypertension and probably also of prehypertensive stage was found. IUGR, birth weight, GA, and plasma renin activity were not associated with BP. Current weight and BMI were the best predicting factors for systolic BP at the age of 19 years.
Conclusions. The prevalence of hypertension is high in individuals who were born preterm when compared with the general population. In the individuals who were born very preterm, no support to the hypothesis that low birth weight is associated with increased BP at young adult age can be given.
Key Words: adulthood • blood pressure • follow-up studies • intrauterine growth retardation • preterm infants
Abbreviations: IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction • BP, blood pressure • GA, gestational age • SBP, systolic blood pressure • SDS, SD score • DBP, diastolic blood pressure • PRA, plasma renin activity • MAP, mean arterial pressure • CI, confidence interval • NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Accepted May 12, 2005.
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