Published online November 15, 2004
PEDIATRICS Vol. 114 No. 6 December 2004, pp. e748-e751 (doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0308)
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ELECTRONIC ARTICLE

Echocardiographic Findings in the PANDAS Subgroup

Lisa A Snider, MD*, Vandana Sachdev, MD{ddagger}, Julia E MacKaronis*, Marilyn St. Peter, RDCS{ddagger} and Susan E Swedo, MD*

* Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services
{ddagger} National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland

Background. Sydenham's chorea is the neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever and is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring only the presence of frank chorea in the absence of another neurologic disorder. Two thirds of children with Sydenham's chorea also have rheumatic carditis (pathologic mitral valve regurgitation). Although there are similar neuropsychiatric symptoms and preceding group A ß-hemolytic streptococcal infection associated with both Sydenham's chorea and the PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) subgroup, it is unknown whether patients in the PANDAS subgroup have any cardiac involvement.

Methods. Sixty children meeting the criteria for PANDAS were entered into protocols at National Institute of Mental Health between 1993 and 2002. Doppler and 2-dimensional echocardiograms were performed on these subjects to assess valvular heart disease.

Results. Of these 60 children, no echocardiographic evidence of significant mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was found. One patient was found to have mild mitral regurgitation, and all patients had normal left atrial size and normal left ventricular size and function. Follow-up echocardiograms on 20 children showed no significant valvular regurgitation.

Conclusion. The evidence of a clear lack of rheumatic carditis in these children supports the hypothesis that PANDAS is a distinct neuropsychiatric diagnosis separate from Sydenham's chorea.

Key Words: autoimmunity • streptococcal infection • echocardiography • obsessive-compulsive disorder • tics

Abbreviations: OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder • GAS, group A ß-hemolytic streptococcus • PANDAS, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections • SC, Sydenham's chorea • NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health • LA, left atrium

Accepted Jul 29, 2004.