This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow P3Rs: Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when P3Rs are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (6)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by McGeehan, J.
Right arrow Articles by Smith, G. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by McGeehan, J.
Right arrow Articles by Smith, G. A.
Related Collections
Right arrow Office Practice
PEDIATRICS Vol. 114 No. 1 July 2004, pp. 124-128

Children Should Wear Helmets While Ice-Skating: A Comparison of Skating-Related Injuries

Jennifer McGeehan, MPH, Brenda J. Shields, MS and Gary A. Smith, MD, DrPH

Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Columbus Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio

Objective. This study compares injuries, especially head injuries, among ice-skaters with those among skateboarders, rollerskaters, and in-line skaters, to determine the need for helmet use during recreational ice-skating by children.

Design. A comparative study of a consecutive series of patients.

Setting. The emergency department of a large, urban, academic, children’s hospital.

Participants. Children treated for injuries related to recreational ice-skating, skateboarding, rollerskating, and in-line skating.

Results. During a 31-month period, 419 consecutive children were evaluated in the emergency department for skating-related injuries. Children were predominately male (53.9%), with a mean age of 10.0 years (SD: 3.0 years; median: 10.0 years; range: 1–18 years). The most frequent mechanism of injury was a fall. Overall, 76.5% of children (215 of 281 children) were reported to be wearing no protective equipment, such as a helmet or padding on the elbows or knees, at the time of injury. Ice-skaters were more likely to have adult supervision than were skateboarders (relative risk [RR]: 5.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13–12.46), rollerskaters (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09–1.35), and in-line skaters (RR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.72–2.51). Ice-skaters were at greater risk of injury to the head (20.0%) than were in-line skaters (4.9%) (RR: 4.09; 95% CI: 1.81–9.23); a weak difference was noted between ice-skaters and rollerskaters (9.9%) (RR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.04–4.57), with no significant difference in head injuries between ice-skaters and skateboarders (15.9%) (RR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.54–2.93). Ice-skaters demonstrated lacerations to the head in 68.8% of abnormal head examinations, compared with 37.0% for rollerskaters (RR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.08–3.20) and 50.0% for in-line skaters (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.35–3.16); however, there was no significant difference in lacerations to the head between ice-skaters and skateboarders (53.3%) (RR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.76–2.19). Injuries to ice-skaters occurred more often in an indoor skating facility (92.9%, 52 of 56 cases), compared with injuries to skateboarders (3.6%, 1 of 28 cases) (RR: 13.96; 95% CI: 2.01–96.76), rollerskaters (63.4%, 59 of 93 cases) (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.23–1.74), and in-line skaters (10.9%, 15 of 137 cases) (RR: 8.48; 95% CI: 5.23–13.75).

Conclusions. The proportion of head injuries among ice-skaters in this study was greater than that observed for participants in other types of skating, for which helmet use is recommended and often required. Children should wear a helmet during recreational ice-skating. Mandatory helmet use by pediatric ice-skaters at indoor rinks should be implemented. Use of other types of protective equipment, such as wrist guards, knee pads, and elbow pads, should be considered for prevention of injuries to the extremities during ice-skating. Caution should be used when allowing young children to participate in recreational ice-skating. Additional research should be conducted in other populations, to corroborate these findings and to evaluate ice-skating safety recommendations for children.

Key Words: skating • injuries • helmet • pediatric • trauma • head injury

Abbreviations: ED, emergency department • RR, relative risk • CI, confidence interval

Received for publication Aug 11, 2003; Accepted Jan 9, 2004.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 PediatricsHome page
S. Singh, G. A. Smith, S. K. Fields, and L. B. McKenzie
Gymnastics-related Injuries to Children Treated in Emergency Departments in the United States, 1990-2005
Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): e954 - e960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
C. F. Lauro, R. Goldbach-Mansky, M. Schmidt, and Z. M. N. Quezado
The Anesthetic Management of Children with Neonatal-Onset Multi-System Inflammatory Disease
Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2007; 105(2): 351 - 357.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
C. L. Knox, R. D. Comstock, J. McGeehan, and G. A. Smith
Differences in the Risk Associated With Head Injury for Pediatric Ice Skaters, Roller Skaters, and In-Line Skaters
Pediatrics, August 1, 2006; 118(2): 549 - 554.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
B. J. Shields and G. A. Smith
Cheerleading-Related Injuries to Children 5 to 18 Years of Age: United States, 1990-2002
Pediatrics, January 1, 2006; 117(1): 122 - 129.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JWatch PediatricsHome page
All Skaters Need Protective Equipment -- Even Those on Ice
Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, September 13, 2004; 2004(913): 8 - 8.
[Full Text]