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PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 6 June 2004, pp. e593-e596

ELECTRONIC ARTICLE

Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment on Body Proportions and Final Height Among Small Children With X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Dieter Haffner, MD*, Richard Nissel, MD*, Elke Wühl, MD{ddagger} and Otto Mehls, MD{ddagger}

* Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
{ddagger} Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Background. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is characterized by rickets, disproportionate short stature, and impaired renal phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism. Despite oral phosphate and vitamin D treatment, most children with XLH demonstrate reduced adult height.

Objective. To determine the beneficial effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy on body proportions and adult height among patients with XLH.

Methods. Three initially prepubertal short children (age, 9.4–12.9 years) with XLH were treated with rhGH for 3.1 to 6.3 years until adult height was attained.

Results. rhGH treatment led to sustained increases in standardized height for all children. The median adult height was 0.9 SD (range: 0.5–1.3 SD) greater than that at the initiation of rhGH treatment and exceeded the predicted adult height by 6.2 cm (range: 5.3–9.8 cm). However, longitudinal growth of the trunk was stimulated more than leg growth. During rhGH treatment, the standardized sitting height increased by 1.6 SD (range: 1.1–2.7 SD), compared with baseline values. In contrast, the median subischial leg length did not change consistently (median change: 0.3 SD; range: –0.1 to 0.6 SD).

Conclusion. The increase in final height after rhGH treatment is of potential benefit for children with XLH. However, the exaggeration of disproportionate truncal growth observed for our prepubertal patients is a potential negative effect of treatment and should be confirmed with additional studies.

Key Words: growth hormone treatment • hypophosphatemic rickets • growth failure • disproportionate growth • final height

Abbreviations: XLH, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets • GH, growth hormone • rhGH, recombinant human growth hormone

Received for publication Jun 4, 2003; Accepted Dec 29, 2003.