REVIEW ARTICLE |
Computed Tomography and Radiation Risks: What Pediatric Health Care Providers Should Know
* Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Computed tomography (CT) is an extremely valuable diagnostic tool. Recent advances, particularly multidetector technology, have provided increased and more diverse applications. However, there is also the potential for inappropriate use and unnecessary radiation dose. Because some data indicate that low-dose radiation (such as that in CT) may have a significant risk of cancer, especially in young children, it is important to limit CT radiation by following the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. There is a variety of strategies to limit radiation dose, including performing only necessary examinations, limiting the region of coverage, and adjusting individual CT settings based on indication, region imaged, and size of the child. The pediatric health care provider has a pivotal role in the performance of CT and may be the only individual who discusses these important CT radiation issues with the child and family. For this reason, this article will summarize the issues with CT patterns of use and radiation risk, and provide dose reduction strategies pertinent to pediatric health care providers.
Key Words: CT, infants and children • helical CT • radiation dose
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography • SPR, Society for Pediatric Radiology • mSv, milliSievert • CTDIw, weighted CT dose index • DLP, dose length product • mA, milliamperage • ALARA, as low as reasonably achievable • kVp, kilovoltage peak
Received for publication Aug 19, 2002; Accepted Mar 5, 2003.
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