




* Divison of Metabolic Diseases and Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
Department of Child Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Clinical Genetics
¶ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
|| Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
# Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Clinic, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
** Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Childrens Hospital, University Hospital Utrecht/Department of Child Neurology Emma Childrens Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Department of Metabolic Diseases, Emma Childrens Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Objective. Infantile Pompes disease is a lethal cardiac and muscular disorder. Current developments toward enzyme replacement therapy are promising. The aim of our study is to delineate the natural course of the disease to verify endpoints of clinical studies.
Methods. A total of 20 infantile patients diagnosed by the collaborative Dutch centers and 133 cases reported in literature were included in the study. Information on clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic parameters was collected.
Results. The course of Pompes disease is essentially the same in the Dutch and the general patient population. Symptoms start at a median age of 1.6 months in both groups. The median age of death is 7.7 and 6 months, respectively. Five percent of the Dutch patients and 8% of all reported patients survive beyond 1 year of age. Only 2 patients from literature became older than 18 months. A progressive cardiac hypertrophy is characteristic for infantile Pompes disease. The diastolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall and cardiac weight at autopsy increase significantly with age. Motor development is severely delayed and major developmental milestones are generally not achieved. For the Dutch patient group, growth deviates significantly from normal despite start of nasogastric tube feeding. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, or creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme are typically elevated, although aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase increase significantly with age. The patients have fully deleterious mutations. Acid
-glucosidase activity is severely deficient.
Conclusions. Survival, decrease of the diastolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall, and achievement of major motor milestones are valid endpoints for therapeutic studies of infantile Pompes disease. Mutation analysis and measurement of the
-glucosidase activity should be part of the enrollment program.
Key Words: Pompes disease
-glucosidase acid maltase enzyme replacement glycogen storage disease type II
Abbreviations: ASAT, aspartate aminotransferase ALAT, alanine aminotransferase CK, creatine kinase LDH, lactate dehydrogenase CK-MB, creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall was measured at the diastole CRIM, cross-reactive immunologic material EKG, electrocardiogram MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
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