Psychosocial Health Among Young Victims and Offenders of Direct and Indirect Bullying
,¶,||
* Departments of Epidemiology and Health Promotion
Child Health Care, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam
Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Nijmegen
¶ Medical Center, Free University
|| Department of Social Medicine, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Objective. To assess the association between bullying (both directly and indirectly) and indicators of psychosocial health for boys and girls separately.
Study Design. A school-based questionnaire survey of bullying, depression, suicidal ideation, and delinquent behavior.
Setting. Primary schools in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Participants. A total of 4811 children aged 9 to 13.
Results. Depression and suicidal ideation are common outcomes of being bullied in both boys and girls. These associations are stronger for indirect than direct bullying. After correction, direct bullying had a significant effect on depression and suicidal ideation in girls, but not in boys. Boy and girl offenders of bullying far more often reported delinquent behavior. Bullying others directly is a much greater risk factor for delinquent behavior than bullying others indirectly. This was true for both boys and girls. Boy and girl offenders of bullying also more often reported depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. However, after correction for both sexes only a significant association still existed between bullying others directly and suicidal ideation.
Conclusions. The association between bullying and psychosocial health differs notably between girls and boys as well as between direct and indirect forms of bullying. Interventions to stop bullying must pay attention to these differences to enhance effectiveness.
Key Words: bullying • depression • suicidal ideation • delinquency • children
Received for publication May 22, 2002; Accepted Nov 12, 2002.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Facebook 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Preventi Role of the Pediatrician in Youth Violence Prevention Pediatrics, July 1, 2009; 124(1): 393 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Analitis, M. K. Velderman, U. Ravens-Sieberer, S. Detmar, M. Erhart, M. Herdman, S. Berra, J. Alonso, L. Rajmil, and and the European Kidscreen Group Being Bullied: Associated Factors in Children and Adolescents 8 to 18 Years Old in 11 European Countries Pediatrics, February 1, 2009; 123(2): 569 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Lund, K. K. Nielsen, D. H. Hansen, M. Kriegbaum, D. Molbo, P. Due, and U. Christensen Exposure to bullying at school and depression in adulthood: A study of Danish men born in 1953 Eur J Public Health, January 1, 2009; 19(1): 111 - 116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Bauman The Association Between Gender, Age, and Acculturation, and Depression and Overt and Relational Victimization Among Mexican American Elementary Students The Journal of Early Adolescence, November 1, 2008; 28(4): 528 - 554. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Greeff and A.A. Grobler Bullying During the Intermediate School Phase: A South African study Childhood, February 1, 2008; 15(1): 127 - 144. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. P. Poteat and D. L. Espelage Predicting Psychosocial Consequences of Homophobic Victimization in Middle School Students The Journal of Early Adolescence, May 1, 2007; 27(2): 175 - 191. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. I. Herrenkohl, B. J. McMorris, R. F. Catalano, R. D. Abbott, S. A. Hemphill, and J. W. Toumbourou Risk Factors for Violence and Relational Aggression in Adolescence J Interpers Violence, April 1, 2007; 22(4): 386 - 405. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Peterson and K. E. Ray Bullying Among the Gifted: The Subjective Experience Gifted Child Quarterly, July 1, 2006; 50(3): 252 - 269. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Fekkes, F. I.M. Pijpers, A. M. Fredriks, T. Vogels, and S. P. Verloove-Vanhorick Do Bullied Children Get Ill, or Do Ill Children Get Bullied? A Prospective Cohort Study on the Relationship Between Bullying and Health-Related Symptoms Pediatrics, May 1, 2006; 117(5): 1568 - 1574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Peterson and K. E. Ray Bullying and the Gifted: Victims, Perpetrators, Prevalence, and Effects Gifted Child Quarterly, April 1, 2006; 50(2): 148 - 168. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. M. Davis Depression in Children and Adolescents The Journal of School Nursing, December 1, 2005; 21(6): 311 - 317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ando, T. Asakura, and B. Simons-Morton Psychosocial Influences on Physical, Verbal, and Indirect Bullying Among Japanese Early Adolescents The Journal of Early Adolescence, August 1, 2005; 25(3): 268 - 297. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Fekkes, F. I. M. Pijpers, and S. P. Verloove-Vanhorick Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior Health Educ. Res., February 1, 2005; 20(1): 81 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. S. Kim, Y.-J. Koh, and B. Leventhal School Bullying and Suicidal Risk in Korean Middle School Students Pediatrics, February 1, 2005; 115(2): 357 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
