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PEDIATRICS Vol. 111 No. 5 May 2003, pp. 1232-1237

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in School-Aged Children: Association With Maternal Mental Health and Use of Health Care Resources

Catherine A. Lesesne, MPH*, Susanna N. Visser, MS*, Carla P. White, MPH{ddagger}

* National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
{ddagger} Public Health Prevention Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

--> Objective. To investigate the association between the mental health status of mothers and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in their school-aged children and to characterize the health care access and utilization of families affected by ADHD.

Methods. Survey logistic regression procedures were used to investigate the association between activity-limiting mental health conditions in mothers and ADHD in their school-aged children using 1998 National Health Interview Survey data. A total of 9529 mother-child dyads were included in the final analysis.

Results. The prevalence of ADHD among children aged 4 to 17 years was 6.3%. Survey logistic regression statistics revealed an association between an activity-limiting depression, anxiety, or emotional problem in mothers and ADHD in their children. This association persisted after controlling for the gender, age, and race of the child; household income (as a function of the 1997 poverty level); and type of family structure as reported by the mother (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–8.1). Mothers of a child with ADHD were 13 times more likely to have consulted with a mental health professional about their child’s health within the past year despite reporting an inability to afford prescription medications (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.2–4.9) and mental health care (OR: 7.4; 95% CI: 4.6, 11.8) for the child.

Conclusions. Maternal mental health is significantly associated with the presence of ADHD in school-aged children. This finding further supports a link between maternal mental health and behavioral outcomes in children. Health care utilization and access findings support a family-oriented system of care.

Key Words: ADHD • ADD • child mental health • NHIS • maternal depression • maternal mental health

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder • NHIS, National Health Interview Survey • SES, socioeconomic status • OR, odds ratio • CI, confidence interval

Received for publication Oct 2, 2002; Accepted Dec 4, 2002.


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