This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow P3Rs: Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when P3Rs are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (225)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Stoll, B. J.
Right arrow Articles by Poole, W. K.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Stoll, B. J.
Right arrow Articles by Poole, W. K.
Related Collections
Right arrow Premature & Newborn
Right arrowRelated AAP Red Book topics:
Yersinia enterocolitica and...
PEDIATRICS Vol. 110 No. 2 August 2002, pp. 285-291

Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: The Experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network

Barbara J. Stoll, MD*, Nellie Hansen, MPH{ddagger}, Avroy A. Fanaroff, MD§, Linda L. Wright, MD||, Waldemar A. Carlo, MD, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, MD#, James A. Lemons, MD**, Edward F. Donovan, MD{ddagger}{ddagger}, Ann R. Stark, MD§§, Jon E. Tyson, MD, MPH||||, William Oh., MD¶¶, Charles R. Bauer, MD##, Sheldon B. Korones, MD***, Seetha Shankaran, MD{ddagger}{ddagger}{ddagger}, Abbot R. Laptook, MD§§§, David K. Stevenson, MD||||||, Lu-Ann Papile, MD¶¶¶ and W. Kenneth Poole, PhD{ddagger}

* Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
{ddagger} Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
§ Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
|| National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
# Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
** Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
{ddagger}{ddagger} Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
§§ Joint Program in Neonatology, Harvard University, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
|||| Center for Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
¶¶ Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
## Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
*** The Newborn Center, University of Tennessee-Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
{ddagger}{ddagger}{ddagger} Division of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
§§§ Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
|||||| Division of Neonatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
¶¶¶ Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Objective. Late-onset sepsis (occurring after 3 days of age) is an important problem in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. To determine the current incidence of late-onset sepsis, risk factors for disease, and the impact of late-onset sepsis on subsequent hospital course, we evaluated a cohort of 6956 VLBW (401–1500 g) neonates admitted to the clinical centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network over a 2-year period (1998–2000).

Methods. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network maintains a prospective registry of all VLBW neonates admitted to participating centers within 14 days of birth. Expanded infection surveillance was added in 1998.

Results. Of 6215 infants who survived beyond 3 days, 1313 (21%) had 1 or more episodes of blood culture-proven late-onset sepsis. The vast majority of infections (70%) were caused by Gram-positive organisms, with coagulase-negative staphylococci accounting for 48% of infections. Rate of infection was inversely related to birth weight and gestational age. Complications of prematurity associated with an increased rate of late-onset sepsis included patent ductus arteriosus, prolonged ventilation, prolonged intravascular access, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Infants who developed late-onset sepsis had a significantly prolonged hospital stay (mean length of stay: 79 vs 60 days). They were significantly more likely to die than those who were uninfected (18% vs 7%), especially if they were infected with Gram-negative organisms (36%) or fungi (32%).

Conclusions. Late-onset sepsis remains an important risk factor for death among VLBW preterm infants and for prolonged hospital stay among VLBW survivors. Strategies to reduce late-onset sepsis and its medical, social, and economic toll need to be addressed urgently.

Key Words: sepsis • infant • newborn infant • very low birth weight infant • premature

Abbreviations: VLBW, very low birth weight • NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development • CRP, C-reactive protein • CONS, coagulase-negative staphylococci • GA, gestational age • IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage • NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis • RDS, respiratory distress syndrome • BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia • NS, not significant • OR, odds ratio • PICC, percutaneously inserted central catheter • PAL, peripheral arterial line • CVL, surgically placed central venous line • UAC, umbilical arterial catheter • UVC, umbilical venous catheter • NICU, neonatal intensive care unit


Received for publication Sep 25, 2001; Accepted Feb 8, 2002.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
PediatricsHome page
P. M. Sisk, C. A. Lovelady, K. J. Gruber, R. G. Dillard, and T. M. O'Shea
Human Milk Consumption and Full Enteral Feeding Among Infants Who Weigh <=1250 Grams
Pediatrics, June 1, 2008; 121(6): e1528 - e1533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NeoReviewsHome page
T. D. Soltau and R. L. Schelonka
Immune Modification to Prevent Nosocomial Sepsis in Hospitalized Newborns
NeoReviews, May 1, 2008; 9(5): e199 - e205.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NeoReviewsHome page
D. Alapati, A. Nagaraj, B. K. Rajegowda, R. J. Leggiadro, J. Jerome, and E. Moore
Index of Suspicion in the Nursery
NeoReviews, April 1, 2008; 9(4): e170 - e173.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
M. J. Bizzarro, L.-M. Dembry, R. S. Baltimore, and P. G. Gallagher
Changing Patterns in Neonatal Escherichia coli Sepsis and Ampicillin Resistance in the Era of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): 689 - 696.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
C. M. Healy, J. R. Campbell, E. Zaccaria, and C. J. Baker
Fluconazole Prophylaxis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates Reduces Invasive Candidiasis Mortality Rates Without Emergence of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida Species
Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): 703 - 710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.Home page
C Hartel, I Osthues, J Rupp, B Haase, K Roder, W Gopel, E Herting, and C Schultz
Characterisation of the host inflammatory response to Staphylococcus epidermidis in neonatal whole blood
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., March 1, 2008; 93(2): F140 - F145.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
M. Millar, A. Philpott, M. Wilks, A. Whiley, S. Warwick, E. Hennessy, P. Coen, S. Kempley, F. Stacey, and K. Costeloe
Colonization and Persistence of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Strains in Infants Nursed in Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in East London, United Kingdom
J. Clin. Microbiol., February 1, 2008; 46(2): 560 - 567.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Trop PediatrHome page
M. Kudawla, S. Dutta, and A. Narang
Validation of a Clinical Score for the Diagnosis of Late Onset Neonatal Septicemia in Babies Weighing 1000-2500 g
J Trop Pediatr, February 1, 2008; 54(1): 66 - 69.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NeoReviewsHome page
F. H. Morriss Jr
Adverse Medical Events in the NICU: Epidemiology and Prevention
NeoReviews, January 1, 2008; 9(1): e8 - e23.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NeoReviewsHome page
J. Neu
Myths and Dogmas in Neonatal Gastroenterology and Nutrition
NeoReviews, November 1, 2007; 8(11): e485 - e490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.Home page
B. A McCrossan, E. McHenry, F. O'Neill, G. Ong, and D. G Sweet
Selective fluconazole prophylaxis in high-risk babies to reduce invasive fungal infection
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., November 1, 2007; 92(6): F454 - F458.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.Home page
D. B Bartels, F. Schwab, C. Geffers, C. F Poets, and P. Gastmeier
Nosocomial infection in small for gestational age newborns with birth weight <1500 g: a multicentre analysis
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., November 1, 2007; 92(6): F449 - F453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NEJMHome page
N. E. Vain, L. N. Vazquez, R. S. Procianoy, R. C. Silveira, P. Manzoni, M. Mostert, and D. Farina
Prophylactic Fluconazole in Preterm Neonates
N. Engl. J. Med., September 27, 2007; 357(13): 1348 - 1349.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
C. Gomez-Gonzalez, C. Alba, J. R. Otero, F. Sanz, and F. Chaves
Long Persistence of Methicillin-Susceptible Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Sepsis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 2007; 45(7): 2301 - 2304.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NEJMHome page
P. Manzoni, I. Stolfi, L. Pugni, L. Decembrino, C. Magnani, G. Vetrano, E. Tridapalli, G. Corona, C. Giovannozzi, D. Farina, et al.
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Prophylactic Fluconazole in Preterm Neonates
N. Engl. J. Med., June 14, 2007; 356(24): 2483 - 2495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
O. Oluola, L. Kong, M. Fein, and L. E. Weisman
Lysostaphin in Treatment of Neonatal Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2007; 51(6): 2198 - 2200.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
J. Profit, J. A. F. Zupancic, J. B. Gould, and L. A. Petersen
Implementing Pay-for-Performance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Pediatrics, May 1, 2007; 119(5): 975 - 982.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
M. P. Venkatesh, D. Pham, M. Fein, L. Kong, and L. E. Weisman
Neonatal Coinfection Model of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Candida albicans: Fluconazole Prophylaxis Enhances Survival and Growth
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., April 1, 2007; 51(4): 1240 - 1245.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
C. C. Blyth, P. Palasanthiran, and T. A. O'Brien
Antifungal Therapy in Children With Invasive Fungal Infections: A Systematic Review
Pediatrics, April 1, 2007; 119(4): 772 - 784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
P. Manzoni, D. Farina, M. Leonessa, E. A. d'Oulx, P. Galletto, M. Mostert, R. Miniero, and G. Gomirato
Risk Factors for Progression to Invasive Fungal Infection in Preterm Neonates With Fungal Colonization
Pediatrics, December 1, 2006; 118(6): 2359 - 2364.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
J Bonhoeffer, C-A Siegrist, and P T Heath
Immunisation of premature infants.
Arch. Dis. Child., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 929 - 935.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
N. R. Payne, M. LaCorte, S. Sun, P. Karna, M. Lewis-Hunstiger, J. P. Goldsmith, and on behalf of the Breathsavers Group
Evaluation and Development of Potentially Better Practices to Reduce Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(Supplement_2): S65 - S72.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
L. A. Burwell, D. Kaufman, J. Blakely, B. J. Stoll, and S. K. Fridkin
Antifungal Prophylaxis to Prevent Neonatal Candidiasis: A Survey of Perinatal Physician Practices
Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): e1019 - e1026.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
J. P. Cimiotti, J. Haas, L. Saiman, and E. L. Larson
Impact of Staffing on Bloodstream Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, August 1, 2006; 160(8): 832 - 836.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
C. M. Cotten, S. McDonald, B. Stoll, R. N. Goldberg, K. Poole, D. K. Benjamin Jr, and on behalf of the National Institute for Child Heal
The Association of Third-Generation Cephalosporin Use and Invasive Candidiasis in Extremely Low Birth-Weight Infants
Pediatrics, August 1, 2006; 118(2): 717 - 722.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Clin. Chem.Home page
P. C. Ng, K. Li, T. F. Leung, R. P.O. Wong, G. Li, K. M. Chui, E. Wong, F. W.T. Cheng, and T. F. Fok
Early Prediction of Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation with Interleukin-10, Interleukin-6, and RANTES in Preterm Infants
Clin. Chem., June 1, 2006; 52(6): 1181 - 1189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
S. K. Fridkin, D. Kaufman, J. R. Edwards, S. Shetty, T. Horan, and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Sy
Changing Incidence of Candida Bloodstream Infections Among NICU Patients in the United States: 1995-2004
Pediatrics, May 1, 2006; 117(5): 1680 - 1687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.Home page
L Clerihew, T L Lamagni, P Brocklehurst, and W McGuire
Invasive fungal infection in very low birthweight infants: national prospective surveillance study
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., May 1, 2006; 91(3): F188 - F192.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
S. Uko, L. M. Soghier, M. Vega, J. Marsh, G. T. Reinersman, L. Herring, V. A. Dave, S. Nafday, and L. P. Brion
Targeted Short-Term Fluconazole Prophylaxis Among Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Pediatrics, April 1, 2006; 117(4): 1243 - 1252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
J. H. Vernachio, A. S. Bayer, B. Ames, D. Bryant, B. D. Prater, P. J. Syribeys, E. L. Gorovits, and J. M. Patti
Human Immunoglobulin G Recognizing Fibrinogen-Binding Surface Proteins Is Protective against both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Infections In Vivo
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., February 1, 2006; 50(2): 511 - 518.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
D. K. Benjamin Jr, B. J. Stoll, A. A. Fanaroff, S. A. McDonald, W. Oh, R. D. Higgins, S. Duara, K. Poole, A. Laptook, R. Goldberg, et al.
Neonatal Candidiasis Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Risk Factors, Mortality Rates, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18 to 22 Months
Pediatrics, January 1, 2006; 117(1): 84 - 92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
A. A. Fanaroff
Fluconazole for the Prevention of Fungal Infections: Get Ready, Get Set, Caution
Pediatrics, January 1, 2006; 117(1): 214 - 215.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
P. Manzoni, R. Arisio, M. Mostert, M. Leonessa, D. Farina, M. A. Latino, and G. Gomirato
Prophylactic Fluconazole Is Effective in Preventing Fungal Colonization and Fungal Systemic Infections in Preterm Neonates: A Single-Center, 6-Year, Retrospective Cohort Study
Pediatrics, January 1, 2006; 117(1): e22 - e32.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. L. R. Williams, S. A. Ogston, H. van Toor, T. J. Visser, R. Hume, and with collaboration from the Scottish Preterm Thyro
Serum Thyroid Hormones in Preterm Infants: Associations with Postnatal Illnesses and Drug Usage
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 5954 - 5963.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
M. P. Griffin, D. E. Lake, E. A. Bissonette, F. E. Harrell Jr, T. M. O'Shea, and J. R. Moorman
Heart Rate Characteristics: Novel Physiomarkers to Predict Neonatal Infection and Death
Pediatrics, November 1, 2005; 116(5): 1070 - 1074.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.Home page
L Cataldi, R Leone, U Moretti, B De Mitri, V Fanos, L Ruggeri, G Sabatino, F Torcasio, V Zanardo, G Attardo, et al.
Potential risk factors for the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborn infants: a case-control study
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., November 1, 2005; 90(6): F514 - F519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Clin. Microbiol. Rev.Home page
K. B. Waites, B. Katz, and R. L. Schelonka
Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens
Clin. Microbiol. Rev., October 1, 2005; 18(4): 757 - 789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
E. V. Capparelli, B. T. Bloom, T. J. Kueser, D. G. Oelberg, E. M. Bifano, R. D. White, R. L. Schelonka, S. A. Pearlman, J. Patti, and S. V. Hetherington
Multicenter Study To Determine Antibody Concentrations and Assess the Safety of Administration of INH-A21, a Donor-Selected Human Staphylococcal Immune Globulin, in Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., October 1, 2005; 49(10): 4121 - 4127.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
I. R. Makhoul, T. Smolkin, P. Sujov, I. Kassis, A. Tamir, R. Shalginov, and H. Sprecher
PCR-Based Diagnosis of Neonatal Staphylococcal Bacteremias
J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2005; 43(9): 4823 - 4825.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
F. Chaves, M. Garcia-Alvarez, F. Sanz, C. Alba, and J. R. Otero
Nosocomial Spread of a Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus Strain Causing Sepsis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2005; 43(9): 4877 - 4879.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
M. J. Bizzarro, C. Raskind, R. S. Baltimore, and P. G. Gallagher
Seventy-Five Years of Neonatal Sepsis at Yale: 1928-2003
Pediatrics, September 1, 2005; 116(3): 595 - 602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Qual Saf Health CareHome page
The UK Neonatal Staffing Study Group
Relationship between probable nosocomial bacteraemia and organisational and structural factors in UK neonatal intensive care units
Qual. Saf. Health Care, August 1, 2005; 14(4): 264 - 269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
R. J. Schanler, C. Lau, N. M. Hurst, and E. O. Smith
Randomized Trial of Donor Human Milk Versus Preterm Formula as Substitutes for Mothers' Own Milk in the Feeding of Extremely Premature Infants
Pediatrics, August 1, 2005; 116(2): 400 - 406.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
E. Capparelli, C. Hochwald, M. Rasmussen, A. Parham, J. Bradley, and F. Moya
Population Pharmacokinetics of Cefepime in the Neonate
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., July 1, 2005; 49(7): 2760 - 2766.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
E. Sarvikivi, O. Lyytikainen, D. R. Soll, C. Pujol, M. A. Pfaller, M. Richardson, P. Koukila-Kahkola, P. Luukkainen, and H. Saxen
Emergence of Fluconazole Resistance in a Candida parapsilosis Strain That Caused Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2005; 43(6): 2729 - 2735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
H. Aly, V. Herson, A. Duncan, J. Herr, J. Bender, K. Patel, and A. A. E. El-Mohandes
Is Bloodstream Infection Preventable Among Premature Infants? A Tale of Two Cities
Pediatrics, June 1, 2005; 115(6): 1513 - 1518.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
A. Ronnestad, T. G. Abrahamsen, S. Medbo, H. Reigstad, K. Lossius, P. I. Kaaresen, T. Egeland, I. E. Engelund, L. M. Irgens, and T. Markestad
Late-Onset Septicemia in a Norwegian National Cohort of Extremely Premature Infants Receiving Very Early Full Human Milk Feeding
Pediatrics, March 1, 2005; 115(3): e269 - e276.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
B. W. Kramer, M. Ikegami, T. J. M. Moss, I. Nitsos, J. P. Newnham, and A. H. Jobe
Endotoxin-induced Chorioamnionitis Modulates Innate Immunity of Monocytes in Preterm Sheep
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2005; 171(1): 73 - 77.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol Hum ReprodHome page
Ch. Hartel, D. Finas, P. Ahrens, E. Kattner, Th. Schaible, D. Muller, H. Segerer, K. Albrecht, J. Moller, K. Diedrich, et al.
Polymorphisms of genes involved in innate immunity: association with preterm delivery
Mol. Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2004; 10(12): 911 - 915.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BMJHome page
W. McGuire, L. Clerihew, and P. W Fowlie
Infection in the preterm infant
BMJ, November 27, 2004; 329(7477): 1277 - 1280.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
B. J. Stoll, N. I. Hansen, I. Adams-Chapman, A. A. Fanaroff, S. R. Hintz, B. Vohr, R. D. Higgins, and for the National Institute of Child Health and Hum
Neurodevelopmental and Growth Impairment Among Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants With Neonatal Infection
JAMA, November 17, 2004; 292(19): 2357 - 2365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Infect. Immun.Home page
Y. Liu, B. Ames, E. Gorovits, B. D. Prater, P. Syribeys, J. H. Vernachio, and J. M. Patti
SdrX, a Serine-Aspartate Repeat Protein Expressed by Staphylococcus capitis with Collagen VI Binding Activity
Infect. Immun., November 1, 2004; 72(11): 6237 - 6244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Antimicrob ChemotherHome page
C. Klingenberg, A. Sundsfjord, A. Ronnestad, J. Mikalsen, P. Gaustad, and T. Flaegstad
Phenotypic and genotypic aminoglycoside resistance in blood culture isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci from a single neonatal intensive care unit, 1989-2000
J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2004; 54(5): 889 - 896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
C. M. Healy, D. L. Palazzi, M. S. Edwards, J. R. Campbell, and C. J. Baker
Features of Invasive Staphylococcal Disease in Neonates
Pediatrics, October 1, 2004; 114(4): 953 - 961.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]