 |
|
 |
|
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Research Institute, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
--> Context. Television (TV) viewing is associated with obesity among school-aged children, adolescents, and adults, but this relationship has not been evaluated in preschool-aged children.
Objective. To describe the TV/video viewing habits of a multiethnic, low-income preschool population of children and to determine whether TV/video viewing is related to their adiposity.
Design. Cross-sectional survey of parents/guardians with measurements of children’s height and weight.
Setting and Participants. Two thousand seven hundred sixty-one adults with children, 1 through <5 years, from 49 New York State agencies of the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
Outcome Measures. Cross-sectional relationships between the amount of time the child spends viewing TV/video and the presence of a TV set in the child’s bedroom, with the prevalence of overweight children (body mass index [BMI] >85th percentile) after adjustment for potential confounders.
Results. Mean TV/video viewing times were higher among black children and Hispanic children than white children and increased with the child’s age. In multiple logistic regression, the odds ratio of children having a BMI >85th percentile was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004–1.11) for each additional hour per day of TV/video viewed, independent of child age, child sex, parental educational attainment, and race/ethnicity. Almost 40% of children had a TV set in their bedroom; they were more likely to be overweight and spent more time (4.6 hours per week) watching TV/video than children without a TV in their bedroom. In multiple logistic regression, the odds ratio of having a BMI >85th percentile was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.01–1.69) among those with a TV in their bedroom versus those without a TV, after statistical adjustment for child age, child sex, child TV/video viewing hours per week, maternal BMI, maternal education, and race/ethnicity.
Conclusions. This study extends the association between TV viewing and risk of being overweight to younger, preschool-aged children. A TV in the child’s bedroom is an even stronger marker of increased risk of being overweight. Because most children watch TV by age 2, educational efforts about limiting child TV/video viewing and keeping the TV out of the child’s bedroom need to begin before then.
Key Words: obesity • television • preschool • child • parent • behavioral
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index • TV, television • WIC, Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children • NYS, New York State • CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • OR, odds ratio • CI, confidence interval
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. N. Lutfiyya, R. Garcia, C. M. Dankwa, T. Young, and M. S. Lipsky Overweight and Obese Prevalence Rates in African American and Hispanic Children: An Analysis of Data from the 2003-2004 National Survey of Children's Health J Am Board Fam Med, May 1, 2008; 21(3): 191 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. Barr-Anderson, P. van den Berg, D. Neumark-Sztainer, and M. Story Characteristics Associated With Older Adolescents Who Have a Television in Their Bedrooms Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): 718 - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. H. Epstein, J. N. Roemmich, J. L. Robinson, R. A. Paluch, D. D. Winiewicz, J. H. Fuerch, and T. N. Robinson A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Reducing Television Viewing and Computer Use on Body Mass Index in Young Children Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, March 1, 2008; 162(3): 239 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Gortmaker Innovations to Reduce Television and ComputerTime and Obesity in Childhood Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, March 1, 2008; 162(3): 283 - 284. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Meriwether, F. Lobelo, and R. R. Pate Themed Review: Clinical Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Youth American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, February 1, 2008; 2(1): 7 - 25. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. Jordan and T. N. Robinson Children, Television Viewing, and Weight Status: Summary and Recommendations from an Expert Panel Meeting The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, January 1, 2008; 615(1): 119 - 132. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. F. Krebs, J. H. Himes, D. Jacobson, T. A. Nicklas, P. Guilday, and D. Styne Assessment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity Pediatrics, December 1, 2007; 120(Supplement_4): S193 - S228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Davis, B. Gance-Cleveland, S. Hassink, R. Johnson, G. Paradis, and K. Resnicow Recommendations for Prevention of Childhood Obesity Pediatrics, December 1, 2007; 120(Supplement_4): S229 - S253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Spear, S. E. Barlow, C. Ervin, D. S. Ludwig, B. E. Saelens, K. E. Schetzina, and E. M. Taveras Recommendations for Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity Pediatrics, December 1, 2007; 120(Supplement_4): S254 - S288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Brotanek, J. Gosz, M. Weitzman, and G. Flores Iron Deficiency in Early Childhood in the United States: Risk Factors and Racial/Ethnic Disparities Pediatrics, September 1, 2007; 120(3): 568 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. D. Margeirsdottir, J. R. Larsen, C. Brunborg, L. Sandvik, K. Dahl-Jorgensen, and for the Norwegian Study Group for Childhood Diabet Strong Association Between Time Watching Television and Blood Glucose Control in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes Care, June 1, 2007; 30(6): 1567 - 1570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Vandewater, V. J. Rideout, E. A. Wartella, X. Huang, J. H. Lee, and M.-s. Shim Digital Childhood: Electronic Media and Technology Use Among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers Pediatrics, May 1, 2007; 119(5): e1006 - e1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Carvalhal, M. C. Padez, P. A. Moreira, and V. M. Rosado Overweight and obesity related to activities in Portuguese children, 7-9 years Eur J Public Health, February 1, 2007; 17(1): 42 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Taveras, A. E. Field, C. S. Berkey, S. L. Rifas-Shiman, A. L. Frazier, G. A. Colditz, and M. W. Gillman Longitudinal Relationship Between Television Viewing and Leisure-Time Physical Activity During Adolescence Pediatrics, February 1, 2007; 119(2): e314 - e319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Haines and D. Neumark-Sztainer Prevention of obesity and eating disorders: a consideration of shared risk factors Health Educ. Res., December 1, 2006; 21(6): 770 - 782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Arredondo, J. P. Elder, G. X. Ayala, N. Campbell, B. Baquero, and S. Duerksen Is parenting style related to children's healthy eating and physical activity in Latino families? Health Educ. Res., December 1, 2006; 21(6): 862 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Thakkar, M. M. Garrison, and D. A. Christakis A Systematic Review for the Effects of Television Viewing by Infants and Preschoolers Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(5): 2025 - 2031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Jordan, J. C. Hersey, J. A. McDivitt, and C. D. Heitzler Reducing Children's Television-Viewing Time: A Qualitative Study of Parents and Their Children Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(5): e1303 - e1310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. P. Siwik and J. H. Senf Food cravings, ethnicity and other factors related to eating out. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2006; 25(5): 382 - 388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Connor Food-Related Advertising on Preschool Television: Building Brand Recognition in Young Viewers Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): 1478 - 1485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Schmidt and M. Rich Media and Child Health: Pediatric Care and Anticipatory Guidance for the Information Age. Pediatr. Rev., August 1, 2006; 27(8): 289 - 298. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. HAWKINS and C. LAW Treatment and prevention of obesity--are there critical periods for intervention? Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2006; 35(4): 1101 - 1101. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Barkin, E. Ip, I. Richardson, S. Klinepeter, S. Finch, and M. Krcmar Parental Media Mediation Styles for Children Aged 2 to 11 Years Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, April 1, 2006; 160(4): 395 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Lumeng, S. Rahnama, D. Appugliese, N. Kaciroti, and R. H. Bradley Television Exposure and Overweight Risk in Preschoolers Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, April 1, 2006; 160(4): 417 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Heart Association, S. S. Gidding, B. A. Dennison, L. L. Birch, S. R. Daniels, M. W. Gilman, A. H. Lichtenstein, K. T. Rattay, J. Steinberger, N. Stettler, et al. Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners Pediatrics, February 1, 2006; 117(2): 544 - 559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Thompson and D. A. Christakis The Association Between Television Viewing and Irregular Sleep Schedules Among Children Less Than 3 Years of Age Pediatrics, October 1, 2005; 116(4): 851 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, S. S. Gidding, B. A. Dennison, L. L. Birch, S. R. Daniels, M. W. Gilman, A. H. Lichtenstein, K. T. Rattay, J. Steinberger, N. Stettler, et al. Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners: Consensus Statement From the American Heart Association Circulation, September 27, 2005; 112(13): 2061 - 2075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Burdette and R. C. Whitaker A National Study of Neighborhood Safety, Outdoor Play, Television Viewing, and Obesity in Preschool Children Pediatrics, September 1, 2005; 116(3): 657 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Stettler, M. R. Elliott, M. J. Kallan, S. B. Auerbach, and S. K. Kumanyika High Prevalence of Overweight Among Pediatric Users of Community Health Centers Pediatrics, September 1, 2005; 116(3): e381 - e388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. G. Borzekowski and T. N. Robinson The Remote, the Mouse, and the No. 2 Pencil: The Household Media Environment and Academic Achievement Among Third Grade Students Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, July 1, 2005; 159(7): 607 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Fonseca and M. Gaspar de Matos Perception of overweight and obesity among Portuguese adolescents: an overview of associated factors Eur J Public Health, June 1, 2005; 15(3): 323 - 328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Schneider and S. R. Brill Obesity in Children and Adolescents Pediatr. Rev., May 1, 2005; 26(5): 155 - 162. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. F. Andersen, I. T. L. Lillegaard, N. Overby, L. Lytle, K.-I. Klepp, and L. Johansson Overweight and obesity among Norwegian schoolchildren: Changes from 1993 to 2000 Scand J Public Health, March 1, 2005; 33(2): 99 - 106. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Jessup and J. S. Harrell The Metabolic Syndrome: Look for It in Children and Adolescents, Too! Clin. Diabetes, January 1, 2005; 23(1): 26 - 32. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Schreiner Promoting Lifestyle and Behavior Change in Overweight Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Spectr, January 1, 2005; 18(1): 9 - 12. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Gentile, C. Oberg, N. E. Sherwood, M. Story, D. A. Walsh, and M. Hogan Well-Child Visits in the Video Age: Pediatricians and the American Academy of Pediatrics' Guidelines for Children's Media Use Pediatrics, November 1, 2004; 114(5): 1235 - 1241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Speakman Obesity: The Integrated Roles of Environment and Genetics J. Nutr., August 1, 2004; 134(8): 2090S - 2105S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. O'Brien, R. Holubkov, and E. C. Reis Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Obesity in an Academic Primary Care Center Pediatrics, August 1, 2004; 114(2): e154 - e159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Nelson, M. A. Chiasson, and V. Ford Childhood Overweight in a New York City WIC Population Am J Public Health, March 1, 2004; 94(3): 458 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Dennison, T. J. Russo, P. A. Burdick, and P. L. Jenkins An Intervention to Reduce Television Viewing by Preschool Children Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 2004; 158(2): 170 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Burdette, R. C. Whitaker, R. S. Kahn, and J. Harvey-Berino Association of Maternal Obesity and Depressive Symptoms With Television-Viewing Time in Low-Income Preschool Children Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, September 1, 2003; 157(9): 894 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Committee on Nutrition Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity Pediatrics, August 1, 2003; 112(2): 424 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
 |
||
|
||
Home | My Pediatrics | Journal Information | Current Issue | Past Issues | Subscriptions & Services | Contact Us Click here for faster international access © 2002 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. |
||
|
||
