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PEDIATRICS Vol. 109 No. 2 February 2002, pp. e38

ELECTRONIC ARTICLE

Cochleovestibular Impairment in Pediatric Cogan’s Syndrome

Issa C. Ndiaye, MD^*, Simon J. Rassi, MD^*, Sylvette R. Wiener-Vacher, MD^*

^* From the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Robert Debré Pediatric Hospital, Paris, France

--> Cogan’s syndrome is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder that typically targets the eyes and vestibuloauditory apparatus, but it may also involve other organs. Three pediatric cases of Cogan’s syndrome (ages 5, 13, and 18 years) are reported with long-term follow-up and complete and regular cochleovestibular functional evaluation and ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations. One case was a typical form (characterized by an interstitial keratitis and cochleovestibular impairment), whereas the other 2 cases were atypical forms with uveitis and polyarthritis. In all 3 cases, the first clinical sign was nonspecific eye redness misdiagnosed as a banal conjunctivitis, initially or secondarily associated with bilateral endocochlear sensorineural hearing loss and complete bilateral peripheral vestibular deficit. During the acute phase, early steroid treatment (prednisone, 1 mg/kg/day) was effective in treating the ocular lesions (3 of 3 cases) and improving hearing (2 of 3 cases) but less effective for the vestibular loss (2 of 3 cases). Adverse effects and dependence on the steroid occurred in 2 cases, and immunosuppressive drugs were necessary to avoid recurrences in 1 case. Over the long-term, the disease was controlled in 2 cases but continued to progress in the other. Cogan’s syndrome in childhood should be suspected in cases of conjunctivitis associated with inner-ear symptoms; a prompt steroid treatment can avoid progressive impairment of multiple sensorineural functions (vision, balance, hearing). Long-term management involves limiting disease recurrences by adaptive therapies, screening for complications (aortitis in particular), and planning rehabilitation for the sensorial deficits.

Key Words: children • Cogan’s syndrome • sudden hearing loss • imbalance • vertigo • conjunctivitis

Abbreviations: EVAR, earth vertical axis rotation • OVAR, off vertical axis rotation test • VOR, vestibuloocular responses • SNHL, sensorineural hearing loss • NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs • MRI, magnetic resonance imaging • EBV, Epstein-Barr virus

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Received for publication Jul 16, 2001; Accepted Sep 13, 2001.

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